In vivo study for the discrimination of cancerous and normal skin using fibre probe-based Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy has proved its capability as an objective, non‐invasive tool for the detection of various melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in a number of studies. Most publications are based on a Raman microspectroscopic ex vivo approach. In this in vivo clinical evaluation, we apply...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in	Experimental dermatology Vol. 24; no. 10; pp. 767 - 772
Main Authors	Schleusener, Johannes, Gluszczynska, Patrycja, Reble, Carina, Gersonde, Ingo, Helfmann, Jürgen, Fluhr, Joachim W., Lademann, Jürgen, Röwert-Huber, Joachim, Patzelt, Alexa, Meinke, Martina C.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2015
Subjects	Carcinoma, Basal Cell - chemistry Carcinoma, Basal Cell - diagnosis Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - chemistry Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnosis Case-Control Studies Diagnosis, Differential Discriminant Analysis Epidermis - chemistry Fiber Optic Technology fibre probe Humans in vivo Least-Squares Analysis Melanoma - chemistry Melanoma - diagnosis Nevus, Pigmented - diagnosis optical diagnosis Optical Fibers Raman spectroscopy Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted skin cancer Skin Neoplasms - chemistry Skin Neoplasms - diagnosis Spectrum Analysis, Raman - instrumentation Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods optical diagnosis skin cancer Raman spectroscopy fibre probe in vivo
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0906-6705 1600-0625
DOI	10.1111/exd.12768

Cover

More Information
Summary:	Raman spectroscopy has proved its capability as an objective, non‐invasive tool for the detection of various melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in a number of studies. Most publications are based on a Raman microspectroscopic ex vivo approach. In this in vivo clinical evaluation, we apply Raman spectroscopy using a fibre‐coupled probe that allows access to a multitude of affected body sites. The probe design is optimized for epithelial sensitivity, whereby a large part of the detected signal originates from within the epidermal layer's depth down to the basal membrane where early stages of skin cancer develop. Data analysis was performed on measurements of 104 subjects scheduled for excision of lesions suspected of being malignant melanoma (MM) (n = 36), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 39) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 29). NMSC were discriminated from normal skin with a balanced accuracy of 73% (BCC) and 85% (SCC) using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). Discriminating MM and pigmented nevi (PN) resulted in a balanced accuracy of 91%. These results lie within the range of comparable in vivo studies and the accuracies achieved by trained dermatologists using dermoscopy. Discrimination proved to be unsuccessful between cancerous lesions and suspicious lesions that had been histopathologically verified as benign by dermoscopy.
Bibliography:	EU (EFRE) ark:/67375/WNG-HGGTHWGZ-D Figure S1. Raw data of 3 measurements on 3 positions within one SCC lesion of a subject on the nose. The Rayleigh peak is seen at 783 nm. The band at 855 nm is instrumentation based narrow band fluorescence. The largest part of the signal above 800 nm consists of skin based fluorescence with varying intensity.Figure S2. Pre-processed spectra of 3 measurements on 3 positions within one SCC lesion of a subject on the nose. The spectra have been wavelength corrected and transferred into wavenumber scale based on the shift to the Rayleigh peak and cropped to the 300-1750 cm−1 wavenumber range. The background removal has been performed by subtracting a spectrum that contained a background measurement as well as a third order polynomial fit. A cosmic peak can be seen at 386 cm−1.Figure S3. Pre-processed spectra of 3 measurements on 3 positions within one SCC lesion of a subject on the nose. A cosmic peak removal (compare e.g. 386 cm−1 in Figure S2) and data smoothing by a second order 7 point Savitsky-Golay filter has been performed.Figure S4. Pre-processed spectra of 3 measurements on 3 positions within one SCC lesion of a subject on the nose. Compared to Figure S3 the spectra have been corrected regarding the instrument sensitivity, by dividing the spectra by a halogen spectrum acquired during the calibration process of the system, performed previously to measurements of every subject. Scaling of the spectra has been performed by a standard normal variate (SNV) normalization, which includes subtracting the mean of the spectra and adjacently dividing by standard deviation. All spectra are zero centered and have a standard deviation of 1.Data S1. Materials and methods. Pre-processing of Raman spectra. ArticleID:EXD12768 istex:BD1CE399CD46F9CB5BA864027399D219323EDA61 Senate of Berlin - No. 10147189 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0906-6705 1600-0625
DOI:	10.1111/exd.12768