Hospital preparedness for possible nonconventional casualties: an Israeli experience

• Published in: General hospital psychiatry Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 359 - 366
• Main Authors: Schreiber, Shaul, Yoeli, Naomi, Paz, Gedalia, Barbash, Gabriel I., Varssano, David, Fertel, Nurit, Hassner, Avi, Drory, Margalit, Halpern, Pinchas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.09.2004; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Biological Warfare - classification; Biological Warfare - trends; Chemical and biological casualties; Chemical Warfare - classification; Chemical Warfare - trends; Disaster management; Disaster Planning - organization & administration; Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems - organization & administration; Emergency Service, Hospital - organization & administration; Hardiness; Health Planning; Health Planning Guidelines; Humans; Inservice Training - organization & administration; Israel; Medical sciences; Mental health; Nonconventional war; Organization of mental health. Health systems; Personnel, Hospital - education; Preparedness; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Relief Work - organization & administration; Resilience; Security Measures - organization & administration; Social psychiatry. Ethnopsychiatry; Terrorism; Terrorism - classification; Terrorism - trends; Asia; Israel; Nonconventional war; Hardiness; Terrorism; Disaster management; Preparedness; Chemical and biological casualties; Resilience; Biodeterioration; Social environment; Human; Sanitary program; Health staff; Mental health; Chemical etching; Disaster medicine; Communication network; Stress; Public health organization; Risk factor; Coping; Emergency; Comparative study; Occupational training; Public health
• ISSN: 0163-8343; 1873-7714
• DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.05.003

Since 9/11, hospitals and health authorities have been preparing medical response in case of various mass terror attacks. The experience of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in treating suicide-bombing mass casualties served, in the time leading up to the war in Iraq, as a platform for launching a preparedness program for possible attacks with biological and chemical agents of mass destruction. Adapting Quarantelli's criteria on disaster mitigation to the “microinfrastructure” of the hospital, and including human behavior experts, we attempted to foster an interactive emergency management process that would deal with contingencies stemming from the potential hazards of chemical and biological (CB) weapons. The main objective of our work was to encourage an organization-wide communication network that could effectively address the contingent hazards unique to this unprecedented situation. A stratified assessment of needs, identification of unique dangers to first responders, and assignment of team-training sessions paved the way for program development. Empowerment through leadership and resilience training was introduced to emergency team leaders of all disciplines. Focal subject matters included proactive planning, problem-solving, informal horizontal and vertical communication, and coping through stress-management techniques. The outcome of this process was manifested in an “operation and people” orientation supporting a more effective and compatible emergency management. The aim of article is to describe this process and to point toward the need for a broad-spectrum view in such circumstances. Unlike military units, the civilian hospital staff at risk, expected to deal with CB casualties, requires adequate personal consideration to enable effective functioning. Issues remain to be addressed in the future. We believe that collaboration and sharing of knowledge, information, and expertise beyond the medical realm is imperative in assisting hospitals to expedite appropriate preparedness programs.