Effect of dispersed form on the bioavailability of β-carotene from daily intake in humans

• Published in: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol. 84; no. 12; pp. 2545 - 2557
• Main Authors: Kotake-Nara, Eiichi, Hase, Megumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 01.12.2020; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adult; beta Carotene - blood; beta Carotene - chemistry; beta Carotene - pharmacokinetics; beverages; bioavailability; Biological Availability; biotechnology; Caco-2; Caco-2 Cells; cross-over studies; Digestion; Double-Blind Method; Drug Compounding; Eating; emulsions; Female; food coloring agent; Humans; in vitro digestion; intestines; Male; randomized double-blind crossover trial; Retinoids - blood; solubilization; β-carotene; food coloring agent; digestion; β-carotene; Caco-2; randomized double-blind crossover trial; in vitro digestion
• ISSN: 0916-8451; 1347-6947; 1347-6947
• DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1803728

In a randomized double-blind crossover study, a canned beverage was prepared using an emulsion dispersion formulation (EM) of β-carotene and a crystal dispersion formulation (CR) of β-carotene; the beverages were ingested by human subjects daily for 2 weeks to compare the β-carotene bioavailability. EM-β-carotene enhanced the β-carotene concentrations in human plasma approximately 4-fold, but CR-β-carotene showed no statistically significant enhancement. Bioaccessibility is the ratio of the solubilized fraction to the whole amount ingested. Bioaccessibility of β-carotene from EM-β-carotene was higher than that from CR-β-carotene in an in vitro digestion test. Contrarily, β-carotene from CR-β-carotene, consists of all-trans-β-carotene, was higher than that from EM-β-carotene, consists of a mixture of cis and all-trans-β-carotene, on the uptake by intestinal Caco-2 cells, suggesting that bioaccessibility was a critical factor in β-carotene bioavailability in this study. EM-β-carotene thus has potential as a food coloring agent with value added because it enhances β-carotene bioavailability. Experimental design of the β-carotene formulations trial, and differences in β-carotene concentration in human plasma before and after intake of β-carotene beverages.