The protective effect of the olive oil polyphenol (3,4-dihydrophenyl)-ethanol counteracts reactive oxygen metabolite-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells

• Published in: The Journal of nutrition Vol. 127; no. 2; pp. 286 - 292
• Main Authors: Manna, C, Galletti, P, Cucciolla, V, Moltedo, O, Leone, A, Zappia, V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutritional Sciences 01.02.1997; American Institute of Nutrition
• Subjects: ACEITE DE OLIVA; ALDEHIDOS; ALDEHYDE; ALDEHYDES; ANTIOXIDANTES; ANTIOXIDANTS; Antioxidants - pharmacology; ANTIOXYDANT; Biological and medical sciences; Caco-2 Cells - cytology; Caco-2 Cells - drug effects; Caco-2 Cells - metabolism; CARCINOMA; CARCINOME; CELL CULTURE; CELL LINES; Cell Survival - drug effects; CULTIVO DE CELULAS; CULTURE DE CELLULE; cytotoxicity; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - pharmacology; DOSAGE EFFECTS; dose response; EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION; EFFET DOSE; EPITELIO; EPITHELIUM; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; HUILE D'OLIVE; Humans; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; Hydrogen Peroxide - toxicity; INTESTIN; intestinal mucosa; INTESTINES; Intestines - cytology; Intestines - drug effects; Intestines - metabolism; INTESTINOS; INULIN; Inulin - metabolism; INULINA; INULINE; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALONALDEHYDE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; Malondialdehyde - analysis; Medical sciences; MEMBRANA MUCOSA; Metabolism; MODELE; MODELOS; Molecular biology; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; MUQUEUSE; Oils & fats; OLIVE OIL; Other diseases. Semiology; OXIDACION; Oxidants - toxicity; OXIDATION; Oxidative Stress; OXYDATION; Oxygen; PEROXIDACION LIPIDICA; PEROXIDO DE HIDROGENO; PEROXYDATION DES LIPIDES; PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE; Phenylethyl Alcohol - analogs & derivatives; Phenylethyl Alcohol - pharmacology; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - pharmacology; POLIFENOLES; POLYPHENOL; POLYPHENOLS; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Small intestine; Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus; TOXICIDAD; TOXICITE; TOXICITY; VIABILIDAD; VIABILITE; VIABILITY; XANTHINE; XANTHINE OXIDASE; Xanthine Oxidase - metabolism; XANTHINE OXYDASE; XANTHINES; Xanthines - pharmacology; XANTINA OXIDASA; XANTINAS; Human; Oxidative stress; Oxygen; Hydrogenperoxides; Cytotoxicity; Olive oil; Epithelium; Antioxidant; In vitro; Free radical; Polyphenol; Cell line; Digestive diseases; Epithelial cell; Intestinal disease; Colon; Protection
• ISSN: 0022-3166; 1541-6100
• DOI: 10.1093/jn/127.2.286

We investigated the injurious effects of reactive oxygen metabolites on the intestinal epithelium and the possible protective role played by two olive oil phenolic compounds, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol and (p-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol, using the Caco-2 human cell line. We induced oxidative stress in the apical compartment, either by the addition of 10 mmol/L H2O2 or by the action of 10 U/L xanthine oxidase in the presence of xanthine (250 micromoles/L); after the incubation, we evaluated the cellular and molecular alterations. Both treatments produced significant decreases in Caco-2 viability as assessed by the neutral red assay. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in malondialdehyde intracellular concentration and paracellular inulin transport, indicating the occurrence of lipid peroxidation and monolayer permeability changes, respectively. The H2O2-induced alterations were completely prevented by preincubating Caco-2 cells with (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (250 micromoles/L); when the oxidative stress was induced by xanthine oxidase, complete protection was obtained at a concentration of polyphenol as small as 100 micromoles/L. In contrast, (p-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol was ineffective up to a concentration of 500 micromoles/L. Our data demonstrate that (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol can act as a biological antioxidant in a cell culture experimental model and that the ortho-dihydroxy moiety of the molecule is essential for antioxidant activity. This study suggests that dietary intake of olive oil polyphenols may lower the risk of reactive oxygen metabolite-mediated diseases such as some gastrointestinal diseases and atherosclerosis