A study of the human ability to detect road surface type on the basis of steering wheel vibration feedback

• Published in: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part D, Journal of automobile engineering Vol. 219; no. 11; pp. 1259 - 1270
• Main Authors: Giacomin, J, Woo, Y J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.11.2005; Professional Engineering; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Ability; Acceleration; Applied sciences; Automotive parts; Bandwidths; Exact sciences and technology; Feedback; Human performance; Mechanical engineering. Machine design; Optimization; Road surface; Roads & highways; Sensory perception; Signal detection; Steering wheels; Stimuli; Vehicles; Vibration; Vibration measurement; steering; detection; vibration; human; perception; vehicle; Human; Motor car; Choice; Vibration; Pavement; Highway; Cognition; Experimental study; Modeling; Frequency effect; Optimization; Steering wheel; Optimal control; Vehicle direction; Size effect
• ISSN: 0954-4070; 2041-2991
• DOI: 10.1243/095440705X34955

Abstract A study was performed to investigate the human ability to detect road surface type on the basis of the associated steering wheel vibration feedback. Tangential direction acceleration time histories measured during road testing of a single mid-sized European automobile were used as the basis for the study. Scaled and frequency-filtered copies of two base stimuli were presented to test subjects in a laboratory setting during two experiments that each involved 25 participants. Theory of signal detection (TSD) was adopted as the analytical framework, and the results were summarized by means of the detectability index d' and as receiver operating curve (ROC) points. The results of the experiment to investigate the effect of scaling suggested monotonic relationships between stimulus level and detection for both road surfaces. Detection of the tarmac surface improved with reductions in acceleration level, while the opposite was true of the cobblestone surface. The ROC points for both surfaces were characterized by gradual increases in detectability as a function of acceleration level, obtaining hit rates of nearly 100 per cent at optimum. The results of the experiment to investigate the effect of frequency bandwidth suggested a monotonically increasing relationship between detectability and the bandwidth of the vibration stimuli. Detection of both road surfaces improved with increases in bandwidth. Average hit rates exceeded 80 per cent for stimuli covering the frequency range from 0 to 80 Hz. Human detection of road surface type appears to depend on the long-term memory model, or cognitive interpretation mechanism, associated with each surface. The complexity of the measured response suggests the need to categorize and classify incoming data before an optimal choice of feedback stimuli can be made in automotive steering systems.