Optimized Leaky-Wave Antenna for Hyperthermia in Biological Tissue Theoretical Model

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 21; p. 8923
• Main Authors: Calcaterra, Alessandro, Simeoni, Patrizio, Migliore, Marco Donald, Mangini, Fabio, Frezza, Fabrizio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2023
• Subjects: Analysis; Antennas; Antennas (Electronics); Design; Electric waves; Electromagnetic radiation; Electromagnetic waves; Electromagnetism; Fever; Hyperthermia; inhomogeneous waves; leaky waves; leaky-wave antennas; Skin; Software; Temperature; Tissues
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23218923

In this paper, we exploit the enhanced penetration reachable through inhomogeneous waves to induce hyperthermia in biological tissues. We will present a leaky-wave antenna inspired by the Menzel antenna which has been shortened through opportune design and optimizations and that has been designed to optimize the penetration at the interface with the skin, allowing penetration in the skin layer at a constant temperature, and enhanced penetration in the overall structure considered. Past papers both numerically and analytically demonstrated the possibility of reducing the attenuation that the electromagnetic waves are subject to when travelling inside a lossy medium by using inhomogeneous waves. In those papers, a structure (the leaky-wave antenna) is shown to allow the effect, but such a radiator suffers from low efficiency. Also, at the frequencies that are most used for hyperthermia application, a classical leaky-wave antenna would be too long; here is where the idea of the shortened leaky-wave arises. To numerically analyze the penetration in biological tissues, this paper considers a numerical prototype of a sample of flesh, composed of superficial skin layers, followed by fat and an undefined layer of muscles.