Therapeutic potential of Nitazoxanide against Newcastle disease virus: A possible modulation of host cytokines

Newcastle disease (ND) is prevalent among the domesticated and the wild birds and is caused by the avian paramyxovirus serotype-I (APMV-I). It is commonly known to affect chicken, pheasant, ostrich, pigeon and waterfowl. Depending on the virulence, the velogenic NDV strains cause severe respiratory...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 131; p. 155115
Main Authors Antony, Ferrin, Vashi, Yoya, Morla, Sudhir, Vandna, Mohan, Hari, Kumar, Sachin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2020
Subjects
Avian paramyxovirus
Cytokines
In vitro
Nitazoxanide
Repurposing
Avian paramyxovirus
Nitazoxanide
Cytokines
Repurposing
In vitro
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ISSN1043-4666
1096-0023
1096-0023
DOI10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155115

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Summary:Newcastle disease (ND) is prevalent among the domesticated and the wild birds and is caused by the avian paramyxovirus serotype-I (APMV-I). It is commonly known to affect chicken, pheasant, ostrich, pigeon and waterfowl. Depending on the virulence, the velogenic NDV strains cause severe respiratory and nervous disorders with a high mortality rate. The live and killed vaccines are available for the prevention of infection in the market, but the drug for the treatment is not available. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), a member of thiazolides, is an antiparasitic drug. In the present study, the effect of NTZ on the NDV replication was explored. The experiments were conducted in chicken fibroblast cells (DF-1), PBMC, embryonated chicken eggs, and two-week old chickens. The inhibition of the NDV was observed upon post-treatment of NTZ at a concentration of ~12.5 μM. Cytokine profiling of the DF-1, PBMC, and chicken embryonic tissue treated with NTZ revealed significant upregulation in all the cytokines studied except for IL-1β in DF-1 cells. It is plausible that NTZ is involved in causing immune-modulatory effects in poultry. NTZ treatment in two weeks old chicken showed significant reduction in NDV replication in trachea, and lungs, respectively, at 72 h post-infection. Encouraging results from the present study warrants repurposing NTZ as a drug for the treatment of viral infection in poultry. It will also pave the way towards understanding of similar effect against other animal pathogens.
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Contributed equally to the work.
ISSN:1043-4666
1096-0023
1096-0023
DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155115