Platelet populations and priming in hematological diseases

• Published in: Blood reviews Vol. 31; no. 6; pp. 389 - 399
• Main Authors: Baaten, Constance C.F.M.J., ten Cate, Hugo, van der Meijden, Paola E.J., Heemskerk, Johan W.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2017
• Subjects: Activation markers; Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets - pathology; Cellular Senescence; Hematologic Diseases - blood; Hematologic Diseases - pathology; Hemorrhage - blood; Hemorrhage - pathology; Humans; Megakaryocytes - pathology; Platelet Activation; Platelet heterogeneity; Positive priming; Thrombosis - blood; Thrombosis - pathology; Thrombus; Platelet heterogeneity; Activation markers; Positive priming; Thrombus
• ISSN: 0268-960X; 1532-1681; 1532-1681
• DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.07.004

In healthy subjects and patients with hematological diseases, platelet populations can be distinguished with different response spectra in hemostatic and vascular processes. These populations partly overlap, and are less distinct than those of leukocytes. The platelet heterogeneity is linked to structural properties, and is enforced by inequalities in the environment. Contributing factors are variability between megakaryocytes, platelet ageing, and positive or negative priming of platelets during their time in circulation. Within a hemostatic plug or thrombus, platelet heterogeneity is enhanced by unequal exposure to agonists, with populations of contracted platelets in the thrombus core, discoid platelets at the thrombus surface, patches of ballooned and procoagulant platelets forming thrombin, and coated platelets binding fibrin. Several pathophysiological hematological conditions can positively or negatively prime the responsiveness of platelet populations. As a consequence, in vivo and in vitro markers of platelet activation can differ in thrombotic and hematological disorders.