Multivariate-coupled-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy with Chebyshev rational fractional-order filtering algorithm for trace CH4 detection

• Published in: Photoacoustics (Munich) Vol. 42; p. 100692
• Main Authors: Zha, Shenlong, Chen, Hang, Liu, Chen, Guo, Yuxiang, Ma, Hongliang, Zhang, Qilei, Li, Lingli, Zhan, Shengbao, Cheng, Gang, Cao, Yanan, Pan, Pan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier GmbH 01.04.2025; Elsevier
• Subjects: Chebyshev rational fractional-order filtering; Detection limit; Measurement precision; Multivariate coupled amplification; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Chebyshev rational fractional-order filtering; Measurement precision; Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Detection limit; Multivariate coupled amplification
• ISSN: 2213-5979; 2213-5979
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100692

An innovative and miniature photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas sensor based on a multivariate-coupled amplification photoacoustic cell (MVCA-PAC) with a total length of 100 mm was developed to achieve ultra-sensitive trace CH4 detection. Acoustic pressure distribution simulations reveal that at the first-order resonance frequency, the MVCA-PAC achieves a maximum acoustic pressure approximately 3.9 times higher than that of a conventional photoacoustic cell. The absorption optical path of the MVCA-PAC reached 2068 mm through 22 reflections, resulting in a 2-fold increase in the amplitude of photoacoustic signals compared to the traditional photoacoustic cell with an equivalent absorption optical path. Furthermore, compared to a single-pass photoacoustic cell, the 2-f signal intensity of the MVCA-PAC increased by a factor of 4.5. Allan variance analysis indicated a detection limit of 0.572 ppm for CH4 detection with an averaging time of approximately 300 s. To further improve the measurement precision of the designed sensor, the Chebyshev rational fractional-order filtering (CRFOF) algorithm was introduced for PAS signal processing for the first time. Post-processing results demonstrated a 15.4-fold improvement in measurement precision, achieving a precision of 0.578 ppm. Finally, continuous monitoring of atmospheric CH4 over a 48-hour period validated the reliability and feasibility of the sensor.