A novel subsidence monitoring technique based on space-surface bistatic differential interferometry using GNSS as transmitters

• Published in: Science China. Information sciences Vol. 58; no. 6; pp. 64 - 79
• Main Authors: Zeng, Tao, Zhang, Tian, Tian, WeiMing, Hu, Cheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Beijing Science China Press 01.06.2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Accuracy; Computer Science; Deformation; Differential equations; Differential global positioning system; Differential interferometry; Errors; Global navigation satellite system; GNSS; Information Systems and Communication Service; InSAR技术; Interferometry; Monitoring; Radar satellites; Research Paper; Satellites; Signal to noise ratio; Subsidence; Synthetic aperture radar; Temporal resolution; Time measurement; Transmitters; 全球导航卫星系统; 双站; 发射器; 差分干涉技术; 沉降监测; 监测技术; 空间曲面; 沉降测量; 062304; space-surface bistatic radar; Beidou-2/Compass-2; 北斗-2; differential interferometry; 差分 GNSS; differential GPS; 差分干涉; 星地双基地雷达; subsidence monitoring
• ISSN: 1674-733X; 1869-1919
• DOI: 10.1007/s11432-015-5336-4

Synthetic Aperture Radar Differential ]nterferometry （DInSAR） technique is an effective tool with large coverage and high spatial accuracy for subsidence monitoring. Nevertheless, the temporal resolution is usually poor so that rapid deformation cannot be measured due to the long revisit time of radar satellites. Bistatic SAR Differential Interferometry technique using Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） as illumi- nator has a shorter revisit time, whereas the measurement accuracy is constrained by low signal power, narrow bandwidth and atmospheric delay error. To cope with these problems, in this paper, we propose a novel sub- sidence monitoring technique based on Space-Surface bistatic Differential Interferometry （SS-DI） with GNSS transmitters, where two stations consist of a reference one and a measurement one that are deployed on the ground. First, we applied a space differential processing between two stations to cancel identical errors such as tropospheric and ionospheric errors etc. Then we used a long time coherent integration to improve the signal noise ratio. Subsequently, we also utilized a time differential processing to construct double differential equations with respect to unknown deformation variables. Finally, we solved the equations to obtain a highly accurate estimation of three dimension deformation. Furthermore, an SS-DI experiment using Beidou-2 as transmitters was carried out to validate the proposed method, where a high accuracy （0.01 mm） device was utilized to simulate subsidence deformation. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method has better performance of spatial measurement accuracy of 0.53 mm compared with differential GPS method.