Chimera: A Massively Parallel Code for Core-collapse Supernova Simulations

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal. Supplement series Vol. 248; no. 1; pp. 11 - 104
• Main Authors: Bruenn, Stephen W., Blondin, John M., Hix, W. Raphael, Lentz, Eric J., Messer, O. E. Bronson, Mezzacappa, Anthony, Endeve, Eirik, Harris, J. Austin, Marronetti, Pedro, Budiardja, Reuben D., Chertkow, Merek A., Lee, Ching-Tsai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Saskatoon The American Astronomical Society 01.05.2020; IOP Publishing; American Astronomical Society/IOP
• Subjects: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Compressibility; Computational fluid dynamics; Computational methods; Computer simulation; Core-collapse supernovae; Equations of state; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Fluid mechanics; Gravitation; Gravitational collapse; Hydrodynamical simulations; Hydrodynamics; Modules; Neutrinos; Nuclear fusion; Nuclear reactions; Nucleons; Nucleosynthesis; Physics; Post-production processing; Radiation; Radiative transfer simulations; Reaction rates; Supernova; Supernova neutrinos; Supernovae; Transport
• ISSN: 0067-0049; 1538-4365; 1538-4365
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab7aff

We provide a detailed description of the Chimera code, a code developed to model core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in multiple spatial dimensions. The CCSN explosion mechanism remains the subject of intense research. Progress to date demonstrates that it involves a complex interplay of neutrino production, transport, and interaction in the stellar core, three-dimensional stellar core fluid dynamics and its associated instabilities, nuclear burning, and the fundamental physics of the neutrino-stellar core weak interactions and the equations of state of all stellar core constituents-particularly, the nuclear equation of state associated with core nucleons, both free and bound in nuclei. Chimera, by incorporating detailed neutrino transport, realistic neutrino-matter interactions, three-dimensional hydrodynamics, realistic nuclear, leptonic, and photonic equations of state, and a nuclear reaction network, along with other refinements, can be used to study the role of neutrino radiation, hydrodynamic instabilities, and a variety of input physics in the explosion mechanism itself. It can also be used to compute observables such as neutrino signatures, gravitational radiation, and the products of nucleosynthesis associated with CCSNe. The code contains modules for neutrino transport, multidimensional compressible hydrodynamics, nuclear reactions, a variety of neutrino interactions, equations of state, and modules to provide data for post-processing observables such as the products of nucleosynthesis, and gravitational radiation. Chimera is an evolving code, being updated periodically with improved input physics and numerical refinements. We detail here the current version of the code, from which future improvements will stem, which can in turn be described as needed in future publications.