Intercontinental dispersal and whole-genome duplication contribute to loss of self-incompatibility in a polyploid complex

• Published in: American journal of botany Vol. 105; no. 2; pp. 249 - 256
• Main Authors: Sutherland, Brittany L., Quarles, Brandie M., Galloway, Laura F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley and Sons, Inc 01.02.2018; Botanical Society of America, Inc
• Subjects: Campanula rotundifolia; Campanulaceae; Campanulaceae - genetics; Campanulaceae - physiology; cytotypes; Diploidy; Dispersal; Dispersion; Europe; Flowers & plants; gametophytic self‐incompatibility; Gene Duplication - genetics; Genetics, Population; genome; Genome, Plant - genetics; Genomes; Geographical distribution; hexaploid; hexaploidy; Incompatibility; long‐distance dispersal; mating system; North America; Plant ecology; Plant populations; Plant reproduction; Ploidy; Pollination - genetics; Polyploidy; Populations; Range extension; Reproduction (copying); RESEARCH ARTICLE; Self-Fertilization - genetics; Self-incompatibility; Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants - genetics; Species; tetraploid; Tetraploidy; North America; Europe; gametophytic self-incompatibility; long-distance dispersal; mating system; polyploidy; tetraploid; Campanulaceae; Campanula rotundifolia; hexaploid
• ISSN: 0002-9122; 1537-2197; 1537-2197
• DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1027

Premise of the Study Angiosperm species often shift from self‐incompatibility to self‐compatibility following population bottlenecks. Across the range of a species, population bottlenecks may result from multiple factors, each of which may affect the geographic distribution and magnitude of mating‐system shifts. We describe how intercontinental dispersal and genome duplication facilitate loss of self‐incompatibility. Methods Self and outcross pollinations were performed on plants from 24 populations of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex. Populations spanned the geographic distribution and three dominant cytotypes of the species (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid). Key Results Loss of self‐incompatibility was associated with both intercontinental dispersal and genome duplication. European plants were largely self‐incompatible, whereas North American plants were intermediately to fully self‐compatible. Within both European and North American populations, loss of self‐incompatibility increased as ploidy increased. Ploidy change and intercontinental dispersal both contributed to loss of self‐incompatibility in North America, but range expansion did not affect self‐incompatibility within Europe or North America. Conclusions When species are subject to population bottlenecks arising through multiple factors, each factor can contribute to self‐incompatibility loss. In a widespread polyploid complex, the loss of self‐incompatibility can be predicted by the cumulative effects of whole‐genome duplication and intercontinental dispersal.