A Revised Framework for the Investigation of Expectation Update Versus Maintenance in the Context of Expectation Violations: The ViolEx 2.0 Model

Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, indivi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in psychology Vol. 12; p. 726432
Main Authors Panitz, Christian, Endres, Dominik, Buchholz, Merle, Khosrowtaj, Zahra, Sperl, Matthias F. J., Mueller, Erik M., Schubö, Anna, Schütz, Alexander C., Teige-Mocigemba, Sarah, Pinquart, Martin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 11.11.2021
Subjects
expectation change
expectation update
expectation violation
expectations
prediction error
Psychology
ViolEx model
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1664-1078
1664-1078
DOI10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726432

Cover

Abstract Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.
AbstractList Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.
Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.
Author Sperl, Matthias F. J.
Khosrowtaj, Zahra
Mueller, Erik M.
Schubö, Anna
Schütz, Alexander C.
Teige-Mocigemba, Sarah
Pinquart, Martin
Panitz, Christian
Buchholz, Merle
Endres, Dominik
AuthorAffiliation 3 Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , United States
2 Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
4 Department of Psychology, University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
1 Department of Psychology, University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
– name: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
– name: 4 Department of Psychology, University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
– name: 3 Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , United States
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Christian
  surname: Panitz
  fullname: Panitz, Christian
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Dominik
  surname: Endres
  fullname: Endres, Dominik
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Merle
  surname: Buchholz
  fullname: Buchholz, Merle
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zahra
  surname: Khosrowtaj
  fullname: Khosrowtaj, Zahra
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Matthias F. J.
  surname: Sperl
  fullname: Sperl, Matthias F. J.
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Erik M.
  surname: Mueller
  fullname: Mueller, Erik M.
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Anna
  surname: Schubö
  fullname: Schubö, Anna
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Alexander C.
  surname: Schütz
  fullname: Schütz, Alexander C.
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Sarah
  surname: Teige-Mocigemba
  fullname: Teige-Mocigemba, Sarah
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Martin
  surname: Pinquart
  fullname: Pinquart, Martin
BookMark eNqFkctuEzEUhkeoiJbSB2DnJZsE38bjYYFURWmJ1AoJhW4tj30mdZnYgz1Jk8fgjXEyFaJdgDfn4vN_Okf_2-LEBw9F8Z7gKWOy_tj2ab-aUkzJtKKCM_qqOCNC8AnBlTz5Kz8tLlJ6wPlxTDGmb4pTxmUps-is-HWJvsHWJbDoKuo1PIb4A7UhouEe0MJvIQ1upQcXPAotmu96MMNYfu-tHgDdQUybhG618wN47Q0g54_qWcid3fBSd-dCd8zSJ7TMY4d6vkN0itFtsNC9K163uktw8RTPi-XVfDn7Mrn5er2YXd5MDOd0yJe1rGINJZaX0nCBOQVLiSTSNjVUpoSWaF1CbTBu2pJJ0hhalpi2jRGyZOfFYsTaoB9UH91ax70K2qljI8SV0nFwpgMlRE1bUglha-CMEMmYbUqrRY1pxeyBRUfWxvd6_6i77g-QYHVwSx3dUge31OhWFn0eRf2mWYM14Ieou2ebPP_x7l6twlZJwbKNMgM-PAFi-LnJRqm1Swa6TnsIm6SowHnxkleH0WocNTGkFKFVxo12ZLLr_rkleaH8_2W_AemE0SI
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbct_2023_10_001
crossref_primary_10_1080_20008066_2023_2165025
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpain_2022_966034
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10608_023_10413_5
crossref_primary_10_5993_AJHB_46_4_9
crossref_primary_10_1159_000531150
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2025_1506051
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpr_2023_102298
crossref_primary_10_1024_1016_264X_a000360
crossref_primary_10_32872_cpe_9627
crossref_primary_10_1002_jclp_23442
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10212_023_00783_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpr_2022_102212
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_789377
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1256202
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10608_024_10550_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pec_2024_108571
crossref_primary_10_1080_02640414_2024_2425907
crossref_primary_10_1002_cb_2444
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_39456_0
crossref_primary_10_1177_08902070251316614
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_911950
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_64240_z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_13002_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_21642850_2023_2174697
crossref_primary_10_1038_s44159_024_00386_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssresearch_2024_103086
crossref_primary_10_1080_00224545_2023_2253981
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psc_2024_02_003
crossref_primary_10_1177_00302228221110726
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_065946
crossref_primary_10_3758_s13415_023_01151_y
crossref_primary_10_1159_000540791
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1127328
crossref_primary_10_1111_sjop_12900
Cites_doi 10.1111/risa.12129
10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954
10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00762.x
10.1080/01973533.2013.823616
10.1016/j.tics.2018.11.003
10.3390/su12229691
10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.021
10.1177/1754073913477507
10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.004
10.1037//0033-295x.94.2.211
10.3758/s13415-019-00691-6
10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3308-13.2013
10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.397
10.1080/02699931.2011.631985
10.3758/s13420-012-0083-5
10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.736
10.1037/pspi0000258
10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.006
10.1111/bjop.12396
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01783
10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01670.x
10.1177/1748048513504048
10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01398.x
10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.017
10.1177/0963662519886089
10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.009
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00896
10.1371/journal.pbio.2006812
10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.012
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00494.x
10.1016/j.bandc.2016.02.008
10.1146/annurev.me.23.020172.002203
10.1086/224479
10.1017/S0140525X12000477
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093436
10.1016/j.concog.2021.103086
10.1080/1047840X.2012.702372
10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.033.
10.1016/j.beth.2014.10.001
10.1016/j.visres.2020.03.010
10.1371/journal.pone.0199923
10.3233/DEV-200001
10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.017
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01638
10.3389/fnhum.2017.00266
10.1371/journal.pone.0190429
10.3758/s13415-013-0228-9
10.1038/s41593-019-0549-2
10.1093/cercor/bhr310
10.1002/per.805
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3016-12.2012
10.1126/science.275.5306.1593
10.1080/17588928.2012.677421
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00716
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01272
10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.006
10.1037/xge0000791
10.1177/0146167212473160
10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.043
10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.008
10.1038/nrn3524
10.1177/1745691619866455
10.1037/11494-000
10.1016/j.jesp.2008.04.003
10.1037/a0013981
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.026
10.1002/ejsp.402
10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105206
10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.004
10.1038/s41593-019-0470-8
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.108007
10.1111/hir.12192
10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.013
10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.419
10.1177/01461672022811002
10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00575.x
10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.113
10.1093/ntr/ntp174
10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.013
10.1038/s41598-019-40917-8
10.1037/xan0000193
10.1006/obhd.1998.2758
10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.002
10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1396
10.1002/(SICI)1099-0917(199709/12)6:3/4<179::AID-EDP157<3.0.CO;2-R
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00009
10.1016/j.tics.2014.11.005
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00598
10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61246-X
10.1016/j.isci.2021.102426
10.1007/s00213-018-4942-4
10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199805/06)28:3<323::aid-ejsp854<3.3.co;2-p
10.1177/10892680211024123
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004567
10.1145/3385955.3407940
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006
10.1073/pnas.1517441113
10.1080/1034912X.2020.1843142
10.4324/9780203848036
10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.015
10.1167/19.3.10
10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.04.002
10.1037/h0092976
10.3758/CABN.4.3.294
10.1037/0033-295X.109.2.306
10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.143
10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104216
10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
10.2147/JPR.S265709
10.1017/S0033291718002106
10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.012
10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.005
10.1016/j.concog.2013.09.010
10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.013
10.1371/journal.pone.0118093
10.1111/bjop.12344
10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.07.007
10.3758/LB.36.3.210
10.1037/a0027189
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02357
10.3758/s13420-014-0143-0
10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.010
10.1177/0146167218780989
10.1515/nf-2020-0013
10.1037/h0027760
10.1038/nrn3289
10.1016/j.cognition.2015.02.002
10.1037/0033-295X.87.6.532
10.1177/1948550617750735
10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.589
10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.531
10.1038/s41598-019-52315-1
10.1177/0261927X93121003
10.1007/s11199-010-9815-1
10.1371/journal.pone.0151230
10.1037/dec0000073
10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.007
10.1097/00004691-199210000-00003
10.1073/pnas.1800547115
10.1038/mp.2016.166
10.1038/nn963
10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00163-4
10.1016/j.cognition.2009.04.002
10.1006/jesp.1996.0012
10.15288/jsad.2014.75.428
10.1037/xan0000225
10.1037/0097-7403.30.3.240
10.1521/jscp.2015.34.2.117
10.1146/annurev.psych.37.1.233
10.1016/j.concog.2010.05.016
10.1177/1178221818792414
10.1111/1467-9280.00406
10.1126/science.aac6076
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.016
10.1037/h0040613
10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.20
10.1177/1745691614544528
10.1037/dec0000033
10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2103-11.2011
10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
10.3389/fnhum.2010.00215
10.1080/1047840x.2003.9682896
10.1038/s41562-019-0793-1
10.1016/j.tics.2020.03.004
10.1027/1618-3169/a000225
10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
10.1006/drev.1994.1003
10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.014
10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7
10.1038/nn.2949
10.2307/3150499
10.1097/YCO.0000000000000184
10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02529.x
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00548
10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.001
10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.002
10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.4
10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005
10.1167/19.1.15
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart.
Copyright © 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart. 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart. 2021 Panitz, Endres, Buchholz, Khosrowtaj, Sperl, Mueller, Schubö, Schütz, Teige-Mocigemba and Pinquart
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726432
DatabaseName CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef

MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Psychology
EISSN 1664-1078
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_6692f1766d9e4311833db5da690273d5
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726432
PMC8632008
10_3389_fpsyg_2021_726432
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: ;
  grantid: 290878970-GRK 2271
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
9T4
AAFWJ
AAKDD
AAYXX
ABIVO
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHQT
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AEGXH
AFPKN
AIAGR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
CITATION
DIK
EBS
EJD
EMOBN
F5P
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HYE
KQ8
M48
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PGMZT
RNS
RPM
7X8
5PM
ADTOC
IPNFZ
RIG
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-10f373b21d458c46042ed21818db9e7c5ef1aa5e9c00bf5381bc25502fbc6853
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1664-1078
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:32:17 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 16:44:20 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:04:39 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 13:52:07 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 01:30:24 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:51:15 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c442t-10f373b21d458c46042ed21818db9e7c5ef1aa5e9c00bf5381bc25502fbc6853
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
This article was submitted to Cognition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology
Edited by: Tom Carr, Michigan State University, United States
Reviewed by: Doug Markant, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States; John Avery Dewey, University of North Georgia, United States
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/6692f1766d9e4311833db5da690273d5
PMID 34858264
PQID 2606925478
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_6692f1766d9e4311833db5da690273d5
unpaywall_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_726432
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8632008
proquest_miscellaneous_2606925478
crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_726432
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2021_726432
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-11-11
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-11-11
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-11-11
  day: 11
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Frontiers in psychology
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Niv (B127) 2019; 22
Hoerger (B67) 2012; 26
Kruglanski (B91) 1996; 103
Schwarz (B159) 2003; 14
Kemmelmeier (B79) 2015; 6
Charpentier (B20) 2018; 115
Geers (B48) 2010; 11
Kutlu (B97) 2012; 40
Oliver (B131) 2014
Meltzoff (B112) 1997; 6
Hart (B58) 2012; 46
Garrett (B45) 2017; 50
Den Ouden (B30) 2012; 3
Lommen (B103) 2010; 49
Steinke (B171) 2017; 8
Kress (B89) 2017; 80
Vogt (B185) 2008; 8
Klayman (B80) 1987; 94
Rotter (B152) 1966; 80
Legros (B101) 2020; 15
Hoorens (B70) 2012
Paulus (B134) 2016; 11
Mueller (B121) 2014; 14
Bergmann (B9) 2020; 171
Bergmann (B8) 2019; 19
Dort (B35); 12
Bandura (B3) 1977; 84
Gollwitzer (B51) 2018; 8
Bandura (B4) 1982; 37
Berz (B10) 2021; 2021
Urbán (B183) 2009; 12
Sherman (B166) 1998; 75
Esser (B39) 1998; 73
Hechler (B62) 2016; 7
Schultz (B158) 1997; 275
Spicer (B170) 2020; 46
Sweeny (B175) 2014; 34
Huff (B71) 2010
Benbow (B6) 2007; 68
Mueller (B123) 2015; 79
Proulx (B143) 2012; 23
Thompson (B177) 1998; 123
Henslin (B63) 1967; 73
Summerfield (B173) 2015; 19
Friston (B43) 2009; 13
LeDoux (B99) 2017; 22
Mowrer (B120) 1956; 63
Rubo (B153) 2020; 111
Vlaeyen (B184) 2012; 153
Sutton (B174) 1998
Smout (B167) 2019; 17
Scheier (B156) 1985; 4
Griffiths (B54) 1994; 85
Pinquart (B140) 2020; 14
Geers (B47) 2002; 28
Miskovic (B117) 2012; 49
Del Vicario (B29) 2016; 113
Gottlieb (B52) 2013; 17
McClelland (B109) 1995; 102
Kuntsche (B96) 2014; 75
Griffiths (B55) 2019; 110
Mueller (B122) 2011; 31
Brandtstädter (B15) 1994; 14
Gershman (B50) 2015; 349
Olsson (B132) 2004; 15
Kastner-Dorn (B77) 2018; 106
Moore (B118) 2016; 7
Robertson (B149) 2018; 12
Uengoer (B180); 26
Liebe (B102) 2018; 13
Johnson (B73) 1983; 45
Stürmer (B172) 2019; 45
McNamee (B110) 2019; 2
Hirsch (B65) 2016; 12
Kube (B93) 2017; 8
Farrer (B40) 2013; 22
Zhao (B191) 2017; 34
Mirza (B116) 2018; 13
Yarritu (B190) 2014; 61
Benke (B7) 2019; 112
Bryant (B16) 1989; 57
Chan (B19) 2017; 141
Dymond (B38) 2015; 46
Kube (B94) 2019; 49
Miller (B114) 1986; 37
Uengoer (B181); 179
Pearl (B136) 2012; 31
Unkelbach (B182) 2008; 44
Jiang (B72) 2013; 33
Marroquín (B108) 2015; 34
Neuberg (B125) 1993; 65
Kruschke (B92) 2008; 36
Dunsmoor (B37) 2015; 78
Todorov (B178) 2002; 5
Scherer (B157) 2012; 125
Seligman (B161) 1972; 23
Dijksterhuis (B33) 1996; 32
Sharot (B163) 2011; 14
Gasper (B46) 2002; 13
Crandall (B25) 2018; 9
Friston (B44) 2013; 7
Sharot (B164) 2004; 4
Bouton (B13) 2001; 108
Koenig (B83) 2017; 11
Soral (B168) 2021; 150
Hohwy (B69) 2017; 47
Dunn (B36) 2005; 88
Hamamouche (B57) 2018; 9
Lucke (B105) 2014; 42
Marroquín (B107) 2016; 95
Hashemi (B60) 2019; 9
Davis (B28) 2009; 112
Klein (B81) 2002; 109
Shadmehr (B162) 2010; 33
Torrents-Rodas (B179) 2021; 159
Körfer (B85) 2020; 13
Kotzur (B87) 2021; 120
Lovibond (B104) 2009; 47
Miller (B115) 2007; 370
Cumsille (B27) 2000; 68
Neuberg (B124) 1997; 72
Cohrs (B23) 2010; 66
Bessi (B11) 2015; 10
Pinquart (B142); 25
Carnaghi (B18) 2007; 37
Grupe (B56) 2013; 14
Ogan (B128) 2014; 76
Oken (B129) 1992; 9
Craske (B26) 2014; 58
Proulx (B144) 2012; 16
Korn (B86) 2012; 32
Higgs (B64) 2015; 86
Pinquart (B141); 89
Sosa (B169) 2019; 45
Kappes (B75) 2020; 23
Lee (B100) 2011; 12
Oliver (B130) 1980; 17
Greve (B53) 2010; 19
Chater (B21) 2006; 10
DeYoung (B32) 2015; 56
Kwisthout (B98) 2017; 112
Mehlhorn (B111) 2015; 2
Rescorla (B146) 1972
Sharot (B165) 2020; 4
Bach (B2) 2012; 13
Kruglanski (B90) 2020; 24
Hogg (B68) 1998; 28
Romer (B151) 2007; 8
Krause (B88) 2018; 3
Mäki-Marttunen (B106) 2019; 19
Willadsen (B187) 2018; 235
Johnson-Laird (B74) 2015; 19
Panitz (B133) 2019; 9
Savage (B155) 2019; 19
Barlow (B5) 2014; 9
Knopp (B82) 2020; 20
Corr (B24) 2013; 5
Kok (B84) 2012; 22
Rescorla (B145) 1969; 72
Feldman (B41) 2010; 4
Brandtstädter (B14) 2007
Morton (B119) 2011; 25
Clark (B22) 2013; 36
Gershman (B49) 2015; 11
Kauff (B78) 2013; 39
Petersen (B138) 2012; 35
Karsh (B76) 2015; 138
Mickley Steinmetz (B113) 2012; 3
Pepperdine (B137) 2018; 57
Burgoon (B17) 1983; 12
Filipowicz (B42) 2018; 5
Hirsh (B66) 2009; 77
Piaget (B139) 1952
Schween (B160) 2017; 140
Wilson (B188) 2004; 55
Nickerson (B126) 1998; 2
DeSteno (B31) 2000; 78
Kube (B95) 2020; 87
Dort (B34); 2020
Roese (B150) 2007
Aue (B1) 2015; 42
Pearce (B135) 1980; 87
Rief (B147) 2015; 28
Binz (B12) 2019; 2019
Sarathchandra (B154) 2020; 29
Haselgrove (B59) 2004; 30
Yacubian (B189) 2006; 26
Hawkins (B61) 2019; 23
ter Bogt (B176) 2010; 63
Riek (B148) 2013; 35
Wieser (B186) 2016; 139
References_xml – year: 2007
  ident: B14
  publication-title: Das flexible Selbst: Selbstentwicklung zwischen Zielbindung und Ablösung [The flexible self: Self-development between target commitment and detachment].
– volume: 34
  start-page: 711
  year: 2014
  ident: B175
  article-title: The effects of expectation disconfirmation on appraisal, affect, and behavioral intentions.
  publication-title: Risk Anal.
  doi: 10.1111/risa.12129
– volume: 55
  start-page: 493
  year: 2004
  ident: B188
  article-title: Self-knowledge: Its limits, value, and potential for improvement.
  publication-title: Ann. Rev. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954
– volume: 15
  start-page: 822
  year: 2004
  ident: B132
  article-title: Learned fear of “unseen” faces after Pavlovian, observational, and instructed fear.
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00762.x
– volume: 35
  start-page: 409
  year: 2013
  ident: B148
  article-title: Reverse subtyping: the effects of prejudice level on the subtyping of counterstereotypic outgroup members.
  publication-title: Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1080/01973533.2013.823616
– volume: 23
  start-page: 158
  year: 2019
  ident: B61
  article-title: The emergence of social norms and conventions.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.11.003
– volume: 68
  start-page: 31
  year: 2007
  ident: B6
  article-title: Mental illness, stigma, and the media.
  publication-title: J. Clin. Psychiatry
– volume: 12
  ident: B35
  article-title: Working with children with ADHD—a latent profile analysis of teachers’ and psychotherapists’ attitudes.
  publication-title: Sustainability
  doi: 10.3390/su12229691
– volume: 86
  start-page: 38
  year: 2015
  ident: B64
  article-title: Social norms and their influence on eating behaviours.
  publication-title: Appetite
  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.021
– volume: 5
  start-page: 285
  year: 2013
  ident: B24
  article-title: Approach and avoidance behaviour: multiple systems and their interactions.
  publication-title: Emot. Rev.
  doi: 10.1177/1754073913477507
– volume: 47
  start-page: 75
  year: 2017
  ident: B69
  article-title: Priors in perception: Top-down modulation, Bayesian perceptual learning rate, and prediction error minimization.
  publication-title: Consciousness Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.09.004
– volume: 94
  start-page: 211
  year: 1987
  ident: B80
  article-title: Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037//0033-295x.94.2.211
– volume: 19
  start-page: 945
  year: 2019
  ident: B106
  article-title: Task context load induces reactive cognitive control: An fMRI study on cortical and brain stem activity.
  publication-title: Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3758/s13415-019-00691-6
– volume: 56
  start-page: 33
  year: 2015
  ident: B32
  article-title: Cybernetic Big Five Theory.
  publication-title: J. Res. Person.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004
– volume: 33
  start-page: 18438
  year: 2013
  ident: B72
  article-title: Attention sharpens the distinction between expected and unexpected percepts in the visual brain.
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3308-13.2013
– year: 2014
  ident: B131
  publication-title: Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer.
– volume: 78
  start-page: 397
  year: 2000
  ident: B31
  article-title: Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: the role of emotion specificity.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.397
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1098
  year: 2012
  ident: B67
  article-title: Affective forecasting and self-rated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hypomania: evidence for a dysphoric forecasting bias.
  publication-title: Cogn. Emot.
  doi: 10.1080/02699931.2011.631985
– volume: 40
  start-page: 269
  year: 2012
  ident: B97
  article-title: Solving Pavlov’s puzzle: Attentional, associative, and flexible configural mechanisms in classical conditioning.
  publication-title: Learn. Behav.
  doi: 10.3758/s13420-012-0083-5
– volume: 88
  start-page: 736
  year: 2005
  ident: B36
  article-title: Feeling and believing: The influence of emotion on trust.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.736
– volume: 120
  start-page: 418
  year: 2021
  ident: B87
  article-title: The dynamic relationship between contact opportunities, positive and negative intergroup contact, and prejudice: a longitudinal investigation.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/pspi0000258
– volume: 58
  start-page: 10
  year: 2014
  ident: B26
  article-title: Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach.
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.006
– volume: 111
  start-page: 233
  year: 2020
  ident: B153
  article-title: Social anxiety modulates visual exploration in real life – but not in the laboratory.
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1111/bjop.12396
– volume: 9
  year: 2018
  ident: B57
  article-title: Cognitive load affects numerical and temporal judgments in distinct ways.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01783
– volume: 66
  start-page: 673
  year: 2010
  ident: B23
  article-title: How ideological attitudes predict host society members’ attitudes toward immigrants: exploring cross-national differences.
  publication-title: J. Soc. Issues
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01670.x
– volume: 76
  start-page: 27
  year: 2014
  ident: B128
  article-title: The rise of anti-Muslim prejudice: Media and Islamophobia in Europe and the United States.
  publication-title: Internat. Comm. Gazette
  doi: 10.1177/1748048513504048
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1230
  year: 2012
  ident: B117
  article-title: Acquired fears reflected in cortical sensory processing: A review of electrophysiological studies of human classical conditioning.
  publication-title: Psychophysiology
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01398.x
– volume: 87
  start-page: 388
  year: 2020
  ident: B95
  article-title: Distorted cognitive processes in major depression: a predictive processing perspective.
  publication-title: Biol. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.017
– volume: 29
  start-page: 53
  year: 2020
  ident: B154
  article-title: Trust/distrust judgments and perceptions of climate science: A research note on skeptics’ rationalizations.
  publication-title: Public Understand. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/0963662519886089
– volume: 103
  start-page: 263
  year: 1996
  ident: B91
  article-title: Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing.”.
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
– volume: 153
  start-page: 1144
  year: 2012
  ident: B184
  article-title: Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on.
  publication-title: Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.009
– volume: 6
  year: 2015
  ident: B79
  article-title: The closed-mindedness that wasn’t: Need for structure and expectancy-inconsistent information.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00896
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: B167
  article-title: Attention promotes the neural encoding of prediction errors.
  publication-title: PLoS Biol.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006812
– volume: 112
  start-page: 63
  year: 2019
  ident: B7
  article-title: Predictors of behavioral avoidance during respiratory symptom provocation.
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Therapy
  doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.012
– volume: 57
  start-page: 773
  year: 1989
  ident: B16
  article-title: A four−factor model of perceived control: avoiding, coping, obtaining, and savoring.
  publication-title: J. Person.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00494.x
– volume: 112
  start-page: 84
  year: 2017
  ident: B98
  article-title: To be precise, the details don’t matter: On predictive processing, precision, and level of detail of predictions.
  publication-title: Brain Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.02.008
– volume: 23
  start-page: 407
  year: 1972
  ident: B161
  article-title: Learned helplessness.
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Med.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.23.020172.002203
– volume: 73
  start-page: 316
  year: 1967
  ident: B63
  article-title: Craps and magic.
  publication-title: Am. J. Soc.
  doi: 10.1086/224479
– volume: 36
  start-page: 181
  year: 2013
  ident: B22
  article-title: Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.
  publication-title: Behav. Brain Sci.
  doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12000477
– volume: 12
  start-page: 281
  year: 2016
  ident: B65
  article-title: Resolving ambiguity in emotional disorders: the nature and role of interpretation biases.
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093436
– volume: 89
  ident: B141
  article-title: Why expectations do or do not change after expectation violation: a comparison of seven models.
  publication-title: Conscious. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103086
– volume: 23
  start-page: 317
  year: 2012
  ident: B143
  article-title: The five “A”s of meaning maintenance: Finding meaning in the theories of sense-making.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Inq.
  doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2012.702372
– volume: 95
  start-page: 121
  year: 2016
  ident: B107
  article-title: Using emotion as information in future-oriented cognition: individual differences in the context of state negative affect.
  publication-title: Personal. Indiv. Diff.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.033.
– volume: 46
  start-page: 561
  year: 2015
  ident: B38
  article-title: Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research.
  publication-title: Behav. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.10.001
– volume: 171
  start-page: 53
  year: 2020
  ident: B9
  article-title: Reward-predicting distractor orientations support contextual cueing: Persistent effects in homogeneous distractor contexts.
  publication-title: Vision Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2020.03.010
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: B102
  article-title: From welcome culture to welcome limits? Uncovering preference changes over time for sheltering refugees in Germany.
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199923
– volume: 14
  start-page: 9
  year: 2020
  ident: B140
  article-title: Coping with broken achievement-related expectations in students from elementary school: an experimental study.
  publication-title: Intern. J. Dev. Sci.
  doi: 10.3233/DEV-200001
– volume: 141
  start-page: 19
  year: 2017
  ident: B19
  article-title: Extinction of Pavlovian conditioning: The influence of trial number and reinforcement history.
  publication-title: Behav. Proc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.04.017
– volume: 7
  year: 2016
  ident: B62
  article-title: Why harmless sensations might hurt in individuals with chronic pain: about heightened prediction and perception of pain in the mind.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01638
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: B83
  article-title: Attentional bias for uncertain cues of shock in human fear conditioning: evidence for attentional learning theory.
  publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00266
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: B116
  article-title: Human visual exploration reduces uncertainty about the sensed world.
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190429
– volume: 14
  start-page: 756
  year: 2014
  ident: B121
  article-title: Dopamine modulates frontomedial failure processing of agentic introverts versus extraverts in incentive contexts.
  publication-title: Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3758/s13415-013-0228-9
– volume: 23
  start-page: 130
  year: 2020
  ident: B75
  article-title: Confirmation bias in the utilization of others’ opinion strength.
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0549-2
– volume: 22
  start-page: 2197
  year: 2012
  ident: B84
  article-title: Attention reverses the effect of prediction in silencing sensory signals.
  publication-title: Cerebral Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr310
– volume: 25
  start-page: 424
  year: 2011
  ident: B119
  article-title: Optimism facilitates the utilisation of prior cues.
  publication-title: Eur. J. Personal.
  doi: 10.1002/per.805
– volume: 32
  start-page: 16832
  year: 2012
  ident: B86
  article-title: Positively biased processing of self-relevant social feedback.
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3016-12.2012
– volume: 275
  start-page: 1593
  year: 1997
  ident: B158
  article-title: A neural substrate of prediction and reward.
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.275.5306.1593
– volume: 3
  start-page: 150
  year: 2012
  ident: B113
  article-title: The effect of emotional arousal and retention delay on subsequent-memory effects.
  publication-title: Cogn. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1080/17588928.2012.677421
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: B171
  article-title: Adolescent girls’ STEM identity formation and media images of STEM professionals: Considering the influence of contextual cues.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00716
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: B118
  article-title: What is the sense of agency and why does it matter?
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01272
– volume: 19
  start-page: 201
  year: 2015
  ident: B74
  article-title: Logic, probability, and human reasoning.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.006
– volume: 150
  start-page: 289
  year: 2021
  ident: B168
  article-title: Helplessness experience and intentional (un-)binding: Control deprivation disrupts the implicit sense of agency.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/xge0000791
– volume: 39
  start-page: 305
  year: 2013
  ident: B78
  article-title: Side effects of multiculturalism: The interaction effect of a multicultural ideology and authoritarianism on prejudice and diversity beliefs.
  publication-title: Person. Soc. Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1177/0146167212473160
– volume: 79
  start-page: 172
  year: 2015
  ident: B123
  article-title: Midline theta dissociates agentic extraversion and anhedonic depression.
  publication-title: Personal. Indiv. Diff.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.043
– volume: 106
  start-page: 120
  year: 2018
  ident: B77
  article-title: Hypervigilance during anxiety and selective attention during fear: using steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) to disentangle attention mechanisms during predictable and unpredictable threat.
  publication-title: Cortex
  doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.008
– volume: 14
  start-page: 488
  year: 2013
  ident: B56
  article-title: Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective.
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nrn3524
– volume: 15
  start-page: 62
  year: 2020
  ident: B101
  article-title: Mapping the social-norms literature: An overview of reviews.
  publication-title: Perspect. Psycholog. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1745691619866455
– year: 1952
  ident: B139
  publication-title: The Origins of Intelligence in Children.
  doi: 10.1037/11494-000
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1409
  year: 2008
  ident: B182
  article-title: The turban effect: The influence of Muslim headgear and induced affect on aggressive responses in the shooter bias paradigm.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.04.003
– volume: 8
  start-page: 880
  year: 2008
  ident: B185
  article-title: Allocation of spatial attention to emotional stimuli depends upon arousal and not valence.
  publication-title: Emotion
  doi: 10.1037/a0013981
– volume: 139
  start-page: 167
  year: 2016
  ident: B186
  article-title: Attention mechanisms during predictable and unpredictable threat — A steady-state visual evoked potential approach.
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.026
– volume: 37
  start-page: 902
  year: 2007
  ident: B18
  article-title: Subtyping and social consensus: The role of the audience in the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs.
  publication-title: Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/ejsp.402
– volume: 2
  start-page: 339
  year: 2019
  ident: B110
  article-title: Internal models in biological control.
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Control Robot. Auton. Syst.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105206
– volume: 46
  start-page: 489
  year: 2012
  ident: B58
  article-title: Shaping reality vs. hiding from reality: reconsidering the effects of trait need for closure on information search.
  publication-title: J. Res. Person.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.004
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1544
  year: 2019
  ident: B127
  article-title: Learning task-state representations.
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0470-8
– volume: 159
  year: 2021
  ident: B179
  article-title: A rise in prediction error increases attention to irrelevant cues.
  publication-title: Biolog. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.108007
– volume: 34
  start-page: 268
  year: 2017
  ident: B191
  article-title: Consumer health information seeking in social media: a literature review.
  publication-title: Health Inform. Lib. J.
  doi: 10.1111/hir.12192
– volume: 47
  start-page: 716
  year: 2009
  ident: B104
  article-title: Safety behaviours preserve threat beliefs: Protection from extinction of human fear conditioning by an avoidance response.
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Ther.
  doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.013
– volume: 102
  start-page: 419
  year: 1995
  ident: B109
  article-title: Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.419
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1026
  year: 2002
  ident: B47
  article-title: Effects of affective expectations on affective experience: The moderating role of optimism–pessimism.
  publication-title: Person. Soc. Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1177/01461672022811002
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1085
  year: 2009
  ident: B66
  article-title: Metatraits of the Big Five differentially predict engagement and restraint of behavior.
  publication-title: J. Person.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00575.x
– volume: 65
  start-page: 113
  year: 1993
  ident: B125
  article-title: Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.113
– volume: 12
  start-page: 59
  year: 2009
  ident: B183
  article-title: Smoking outcome expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking, peer smoking, and smoking among young adolescents.
  publication-title: Nicot. Tob. Res.
  doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp174
– volume: 50
  start-page: 12
  year: 2017
  ident: B45
  article-title: Optimistic update bias holds firm: Three tests of robustness following Shah et al.
  publication-title: Consciousness Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.013
– volume: 9
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: B60
  article-title: Neural dynamics of shooting decisions and the switch from freeze to fight.
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40917-8
– start-page: 91
  year: 2007
  ident: B150
  article-title: Expectancy
  publication-title: Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles
– volume: 45
  start-page: 17
  year: 2019
  ident: B169
  article-title: Conditioned inhibition: Historical critiques and controversies in the light of recent advances.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/xan0000193
– volume: 73
  start-page: 116
  year: 1998
  ident: B39
  article-title: Alive and well after 25 years: A review of groupthink research.
  publication-title: Org. Behav. Hum. Dec. Proc.
  doi: 10.1006/obhd.1998.2758
– volume: 3
  start-page: 525
  year: 2018
  ident: B88
  article-title: Dynamics of defensive response mobilization to approaching external versus interoceptive threat.
  publication-title: Biolog. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.002
– volume: 2019
  start-page: 1402
  year: 2019
  ident: B12
  article-title: Where do heuristics come from?
  publication-title: CogSci
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1396
  year: 1997
  ident: B124
  article-title: What the need for closure scale measures and what it does not: Toward differentiating among related epistemic motives.
  publication-title: Personality Proc. Indiv. Diff.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1396
– volume: 6
  start-page: 179
  year: 1997
  ident: B112
  article-title: Explaining facial imitation. A theoretical model.
  publication-title: Early Dev. Parent.
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0917(199709/12)6:3/4<179::AID-EDP157<3.0.CO;2-R
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: B93
  article-title: On the maintenance of expectations in major depression - Investigating a neglected phenomenon.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00009
– volume: 19
  start-page: 27
  year: 2015
  ident: B173
  article-title: Do humans make good decisions?
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.11.005
– volume: 7
  year: 2013
  ident: B44
  article-title: The anatomy of choice: active inference and agency.
  publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00598
– volume: 370
  start-page: 1015
  year: 2007
  ident: B115
  article-title: Mental health and the mass media: room for improvement.
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61246-X
– volume: 2021
  year: 2021
  ident: B10
  article-title: Limited generalizability, pharmacological modulation, and state-dependency of the habituation towards pro-social 50-kHz calls in rats.
  publication-title: iScience
  doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102426
– volume: 235
  start-page: 2435
  year: 2018
  ident: B187
  article-title: Effects of anxiogenic drugs on the emission of 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adult rats.
  publication-title: Psychopharmacology
  doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4942-4
– volume: 28
  start-page: 323
  year: 1998
  ident: B68
  article-title: Friendship and group identification: A new look at the role of cohesiveness in groupthink.
  publication-title: Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199805/06)28:3<323::aid-ejsp854<3.3.co;2-p
– volume: 25
  start-page: 321
  ident: B142
  article-title: Predictors of coping with expectation violation: an integrative review.
  publication-title: Rev. Gen. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1177/10892680211024123
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: B49
  article-title: A unifying probabilistic view of associative learning.
  publication-title: PLoS Comput. Biol.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004567
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: B82
  article-title: Evaluating perceptual predictions based on movement primitive models in VR- and online-experiments
  publication-title: ACM SAP
  doi: 10.1145/3385955.3407940
– volume: 26
  start-page: 9530
  year: 2006
  ident: B189
  article-title: Dissociable systems for gain- and loss-related value predictions and errors of prediction in the human brain.
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006
– volume: 113
  start-page: 554
  year: 2016
  ident: B29
  article-title: The spreading of misinformation online.
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1517441113
– volume: 2020
  ident: B34
  article-title: What Teachers Think and Know about ADHD: Validation of the ADHD-school-expectation Questionnaire (ASE).
  publication-title: Intern. J. Dis. Dev. Educ.
  doi: 10.1080/1034912X.2020.1843142
– start-page: 3
  year: 2010
  ident: B71
  article-title: Generalization and specialization of conditioned learning
  publication-title: Generalization of Knowledge
  doi: 10.4324/9780203848036
– volume: 140
  start-page: 124
  year: 2017
  ident: B160
  article-title: Feedback delay attenuates implicit but facilitates explicit adjustments to a visuomotor rotation.
  publication-title: Neurobiol. Learn. Memory
  doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.015
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: B8
  article-title: Reward expectation facilitates context learning and attentional guidance in visual search.
  publication-title: J. Vision
  doi: 10.1167/19.3.10
– volume: 57
  start-page: 31
  year: 2018
  ident: B137
  article-title: Disentangling intolerance of uncertainty and threat appraisal in everyday situations.
  publication-title: J. Anxiety Dis.
  doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.04.002
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1
  year: 1966
  ident: B152
  article-title: Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Monogr. Gen. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/h0092976
– volume: 4
  start-page: 294
  year: 2004
  ident: B164
  article-title: How arousal modulates memory: disentangling the effects of attention and retention.
  publication-title: Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3758/CABN.4.3.294
– volume: 109
  start-page: 306
  year: 2002
  ident: B81
  article-title: Decisions and the evolution of memory: Multiple systems, multiple functions.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.109.2.306
– volume: 35
  start-page: 73
  year: 2012
  ident: B138
  article-title: The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after.
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
– volume: 123
  start-page: 143
  year: 1998
  ident: B177
  article-title: Illusions of control, underestimations, and accuracy: A control heuristic explanation.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.143
– volume: 179
  ident: B181
  article-title: Adding or removing context components equally disrupts extinction in human predictive learning.
  publication-title: Behav. Proc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104216
– volume: 84
  start-page: 191
  year: 1977
  ident: B3
  article-title: Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
– volume: 13
  start-page: 3181
  year: 2020
  ident: B85
  article-title: An experimental analogue study on the “dose-response relationship” of different therapeutic instructions for pain exposures: The more, the better?
  publication-title: J. Pain Res.
  doi: 10.2147/JPR.S265709
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1532
  year: 2019
  ident: B94
  article-title: Why dysfunctional expectations in depression persist - Results from two experimental studies investigating cognitive immunization.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Med.
  doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002106
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1001
  year: 2010
  ident: B103
  article-title: Neuroticism and avoidance of ambiguous stimuli: Better safe than sorry?
  publication-title: Person. Indiv. Diff.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.012
– volume: 42
  start-page: 83
  year: 2015
  ident: B1
  article-title: Expectancy biases in fear and anxiety and their link to biases in attention.
  publication-title: Clin. Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.005
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1431
  year: 2013
  ident: B40
  article-title: The time windows of the sense of agency.
  publication-title: Consciou. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.09.010
– volume: 125
  start-page: 113
  year: 2012
  ident: B157
  article-title: Hoping for more: The influence of outcome desirability on information seeking and predictions about relative quantities.
  publication-title: Cognition
  doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.013
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: B11
  article-title: Science vs conspiracy: collective narratives in the age of misinformation.
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118093
– volume: 110
  start-page: 499
  year: 2019
  ident: B55
  article-title: Superstition predicts perception of illusory control.
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1111/bjop.12344
– volume: 12
  start-page: 164
  year: 2011
  ident: B100
  article-title: Psychological models of human and optimal performance in bandit problems.
  publication-title: Cogn. Syst. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2010.07.007
– volume: 36
  start-page: 210
  year: 2008
  ident: B92
  article-title: Bayesian approaches to associative learning: From passive to active learning.
  publication-title: Learn. Behav.
  doi: 10.3758/LB.36.3.210
– volume: 31
  start-page: 821
  year: 2012
  ident: B136
  article-title: Positive media portrayals of obese persons: Impact on attitudes and image preferences.
  publication-title: Health Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/a0027189
– volume: 8
  year: 2018
  ident: B51
  article-title: Editorial: Psychological responses to violations of expectations.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02357
– volume: 42
  start-page: 256
  year: 2014
  ident: B105
  article-title: The impact of context relevance during extinction learning.
  publication-title: Learn. Behav.
  doi: 10.3758/s13420-014-0143-0
– volume: 78
  start-page: 336
  year: 2015
  ident: B37
  article-title: Fear generalization and anxiety: Behavioral and neural mechanisms.
  publication-title: Biolog. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.010
– volume: 45
  start-page: 133
  year: 2019
  ident: B172
  article-title: Muslim immigration, critical events, and the seeds of majority members’ support for radical responses: An interactionist perspective.
  publication-title: Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1177/0146167218780989
– volume: 26
  start-page: 151
  ident: B180
  article-title: Principles of extinction learning of nonaversive experience.
  publication-title: Neuroforum
  doi: 10.1515/nf-2020-0013
– volume: 72
  start-page: 77
  year: 1969
  ident: B145
  article-title: Pavlovian conditioned inhibition.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/h0027760
– volume: 13
  start-page: 572
  year: 2012
  ident: B2
  article-title: Knowing how much you don’t know: A neural organization of uncertainty estimates.
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nrn3289
– volume: 138
  start-page: 122
  year: 2015
  ident: B76
  article-title: I control therefore I do: judgments of agency influence action selection.
  publication-title: Cognition
  doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.02.002
– volume: 87
  start-page: 532
  year: 1980
  ident: B135
  article-title: A model for Pavlovian learning: variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.87.6.532
– volume: 9
  start-page: 186
  year: 2018
  ident: B25
  article-title: Changing norms following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election: The Trump effect on prejudice.
  publication-title: Soc. Psycholog. Person. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1948550617750735
– volume: 75
  start-page: 589
  year: 1998
  ident: B166
  article-title: Stereotype efficiency reconsidered: Encoding flexibility under cognitive load.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.589
– volume: 68
  start-page: 531
  year: 2000
  ident: B27
  article-title: Perceived exposure to peer and adult drinking as predictors of growth in positive alcohol expectancies during adolescence.
  publication-title: J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.531
– volume: 9
  year: 2019
  ident: B133
  article-title: Extinction-resistant attention to long-term conditioned threat is indexed by selective visuocortical alpha suppression in humans.
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52315-1
– volume: 12
  start-page: 30
  year: 1983
  ident: B17
  article-title: Interpersonal expectations, expectancy violations, and emotional communication.
  publication-title: J. Lang. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1177/0261927X93121003
– volume: 63
  start-page: 844
  year: 2010
  ident: B176
  article-title: “Shake it baby, shake it”: media preferences, sexual attitudes and gender stereotypes among adolescents.
  publication-title: Sex Roles
  doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9815-1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: B134
  article-title: Positive feeling, negative meaning: Visualizing the mental representations of in-group and out-group smiles.
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151230
– volume: 5
  start-page: 165
  year: 2018
  ident: B42
  article-title: Rejecting outliers: Surprising changes do not always improve belief updating.
  publication-title: Decision
  doi: 10.1037/dec0000073
– volume: 10
  start-page: 287
  year: 2006
  ident: B21
  article-title: Probabilistic models of cognition: Conceptual foundations.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.007
– volume: 9
  start-page: 480
  year: 1992
  ident: B129
  article-title: Alertness and attention: basic science and electrophysiologic correlates.
  publication-title: J. Clin. Neurophys.
  doi: 10.1097/00004691-199210000-00003
– volume: 115
  start-page: E7255
  year: 2018
  ident: B20
  article-title: Valuation of knowledge and ignorance in mesolimbic reward circuitry.
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1800547115
– volume: 22
  start-page: 24
  year: 2017
  ident: B99
  article-title: The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: A reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm.
  publication-title: Mole. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.166
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1226
  year: 2002
  ident: B178
  article-title: Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination.
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nn963
– start-page: 142
  year: 2012
  ident: B70
  article-title: Expectation
  publication-title: Encyclopedia of Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00163-4
– start-page: 64
  year: 1972
  ident: B146
  article-title: A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement
  publication-title: Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory
– volume: 112
  start-page: 195
  year: 2009
  ident: B28
  article-title: Anticipatory emotions in decision tasks: Covert markers of value or attentional processes?
  publication-title: Cognition
  doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.04.002
– volume: 32
  start-page: 254
  year: 1996
  ident: B33
  article-title: Motivated social cognition: Need for closure effects on memory and judgment.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1006/jesp.1996.0012
– volume: 75
  start-page: 428
  year: 2014
  ident: B96
  article-title: Drinking motives and links to alcohol use in 13 European countries.
  publication-title: J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs
  doi: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.428
– volume: 46
  start-page: 151
  year: 2020
  ident: B170
  article-title: Theory protection in associative learning: Humans maintain certain beliefs in a manner that violates prediction error.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/xan0000225
– volume: 30
  start-page: 240
  year: 2004
  ident: B59
  article-title: A partial reinforcement extinction effect despite equal rates of reinforcement during Pavlovian conditioning.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.30.3.240
– volume: 34
  start-page: 117
  year: 2015
  ident: B108
  article-title: Event prediction and affective forecasting in depressive cognition: using emotion as information about the future.
  publication-title: J. Soc. Clin. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1521/jscp.2015.34.2.117
– volume: 37
  start-page: 233
  year: 1986
  ident: B114
  article-title: Expectancies and interpersonal processes.
  publication-title: Ann. Rev. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.37.1.233
– volume: 19
  start-page: 721
  year: 2010
  ident: B53
  article-title: True lies: Self-stabilization without self-deception.
  publication-title: Consciousness Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2010.05.016
– volume: 12
  year: 2018
  ident: B149
  article-title: Students who limit their drinking, as recommended by national guidelines, are stigmatized, ostracized, or the subject of peer pressure: Limiting consumption is all but prohibited in a culture of intoxication.
  publication-title: Subst. Abuse: Res. Treat.
  doi: 10.1177/1178221818792414
– volume: 13
  start-page: 34
  year: 2002
  ident: B46
  article-title: Attending to the big picture: Mood and global versus local processing of visual information.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00406
– volume: 349
  start-page: 273
  year: 2015
  ident: B50
  article-title: Computational rationality: A converging paradigm for intelligence in brains, minds, and machines.
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aac6076
– volume: 80
  start-page: 688
  year: 2017
  ident: B89
  article-title: The link between optimism bias and attention bias: A neurocognitive perspective.
  publication-title: Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.016
– volume: 63
  start-page: 114
  year: 1956
  ident: B120
  article-title: Two-factor learning theory reconsidered, with special reference to secondary reinforcement and the concept of habit.
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/h0040613
– volume: 45
  year: 1983
  ident: B73
  article-title: Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk.
  publication-title: J. Person. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.20
– volume: 9
  start-page: 481
  year: 2014
  ident: B5
  article-title: The origins of neuroticism.
  publication-title: Perspect. Psycholog. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1745691614544528
– volume: 2
  start-page: 191
  year: 2015
  ident: B111
  article-title: Unpacking the exploration-exploitation tradeoff: A synthesis of human and animal literatures.
  publication-title: Decision
  doi: 10.1037/dec0000033
– volume: 37
  start-page: 122
  year: 1982
  ident: B4
  article-title: Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.
  publication-title: Am. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
– volume: 31
  start-page: 15818
  year: 2011
  ident: B122
  article-title: Dopamine effects on human error processing depend on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase VAL158MET genotype.
  publication-title: J. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2103-11.2011
– volume: 2
  start-page: 175
  year: 1998
  ident: B126
  article-title: Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises.
  publication-title: Rev. Gen. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: B41
  article-title: Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy.
  publication-title: Front. Hum. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00215
– volume: 14
  start-page: 296
  year: 2003
  ident: B159
  article-title: Mood as Information: 20 Years Later.
  publication-title: Psychol. Inq.
  doi: 10.1080/1047840x.2003.9682896
– volume: 4
  start-page: 14
  year: 2020
  ident: B165
  article-title: How people decide what they want to know.
  publication-title: Nat. Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0793-1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 413
  year: 2020
  ident: B90
  article-title: All thinking is ‘wishful’ thinking.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.03.004
– volume: 61
  start-page: 38
  year: 2014
  ident: B190
  article-title: Illusion of control: The role of personal involvement.
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000225
– volume: 33
  start-page: 89
  year: 2010
  ident: B162
  article-title: Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control.
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
– volume: 14
  start-page: 52
  year: 1994
  ident: B15
  article-title: The aging self: Stabilizing and protective processes.
  publication-title: Dev. Rev.
  doi: 10.1006/drev.1994.1003
– volume: 4
  start-page: 219
  year: 1985
  ident: B156
  article-title: Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
  publication-title: Health Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1165
  year: 2010
  ident: B48
  article-title: Dispositional optimism predicts placebo analgesia.
  publication-title: J. Pain
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.014
– year: 1998
  ident: B174
  publication-title: Introduction to reinforcement learning.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 89
  year: 2007
  ident: B151
  article-title: A biosocial-affect model of adolescent sensation seeking: The role of affect evaluation and peer-group influence in adolescent drug use.
  publication-title: Prevent. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1475
  year: 2011
  ident: B163
  article-title: How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality.
  publication-title: Nat. Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nn.2949
– volume: 17
  year: 1980
  ident: B130
  article-title: A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions.
  publication-title: J. Market. Res.
  doi: 10.2307/3150499
– volume: 28
  start-page: 378
  year: 2015
  ident: B147
  article-title: Expectancies as core features of mental disorders.
  publication-title: Curr. Opin. Psychiatry
  doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000184
– volume: 85
  start-page: 351
  year: 1994
  ident: B54
  article-title: The role of cognitive bias and skill in fruit machine gambling.
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02529.x
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: B30
  article-title: How prediction errors shape perception, attention, and motivation.
  publication-title: Front. Psychol.
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00548
– volume: 17
  start-page: 585
  year: 2013
  ident: B52
  article-title: Information-seeking, curiosity, and attention: computational and neural mechanisms.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.001
– volume: 16
  start-page: 285
  year: 2012
  ident: B144
  article-title: Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations.
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.002
– volume: 108
  start-page: 4
  year: 2001
  ident: B13
  article-title: A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder.
  publication-title: Psycholog. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.4
– volume: 13
  start-page: 293
  year: 2009
  ident: B43
  article-title: The free-energy principle: a rough guide to the brain?
  publication-title: Trends Cogn. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: B155
  article-title: The effects of age and cognitive load on peripheral-detection performance.
  publication-title: J. Vis.
  doi: 10.1167/19.1.15
SSID ssj0000402002
Score 2.4976406
Snippet Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes...
SourceID doaj
unpaywall
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 726432
SubjectTerms expectation change
expectation update
expectation violation
expectations
prediction error
Psychology
ViolEx model
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NT9wwELUQl3Kp2lLUlLZypZ6KAo7jOElvFLFCSPQEiJvlz3alVbJid8Xuz-AfM-NkVxsOcOkxie3EnrFnnmfyTMiPUgQMJslUByTVZk6k2uciFaHWgpe6ZgYjuld_5MWNuLwr7raO-sKcsI4euBu4EylrHpDF0NUejB1oYO5M4TSgOrC8LrKXghnbAlNxDUZYxHgXxgQUVp-E6Wz1F_Agz45LcAJyPjBEka9_4GQ-T5F8s2imevWgJ5Mt-zN6R972jiM97T74PdnxzQeyt1m_Vvvk8ZTiTv_MOzpap1xR8Ekp-Hh0i0-jbWgbKHIc2y4OT2-miPsp7p0tZvRKI4cEEnF4Om5i7chhtZw_r3c7bvtUul8U9C1eny8pP2YUz1ibfCTXo_Prs4u0P3EhtULwOazJIS9zwzMnisoKCTPaO3QCKmdqX9rCh0zrwteWMRNgrcyMBUzCeDBWguE_ILtN2_hPhLosCAEtSV2VwnJeecZN5WRwhQkmFwlh69FXtmcjx0MxJgpQCQpMRYEpFJjqBJaQn5sq046K46XCv1Gkm4LIoh1vgG6pXrfUa7qVkO9rhVAw6zCUohvfLmYKUCDURS60hJQDTRm8cfikGf-L_N2VzDHrJCFHG516vUOf_0eHDskeNon_UmbZF7I7v1_4r-BUzc23OH-eAAYXICo
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELege2AvML5EBkNG4gmULnEcJ-Gtm1ZNSJt4WNF4ivw5KqokWhOx8l_wH3OXpFVTIRDi0Ykvke_O5zvf-WdC3ibcYTJJ-NIhqHZguC9txH3uMslZIrNAYUb34lKcz_jH6_h66ywMllU6PLqPF0HPiw4puC8RwxkOEVV27Krl6gZiOxaOE1jQI3ZcGXef7AlMMo3I3uzy0-QLRlpCcLAzSdqlM39PO1iQWtz-gbO5Wyr5oCkqufouF4utdWj6iOj1CLryk2_jplZj_WMH3PH_hnhAHvZuKp10BI_JPVs8Ifsba7l6Sn5OKOYVltbQ6brAi4IHTMGjpFvoHWVBS0cRUVl3WX86q3CXgeJOXbOkFxIRKxD2w9J50VK3iFl39S7d53nZF-59oKDdbfvsjrJxQPFGt8UzcjU9uzo99_v7HXzNOatBMi5KIsVCw-NUcwH2wxp0OVKjMpvo2LpQythmOgiUA8scKg0RUMCc0gLcjOdkVJSFfUGoCR3n8CUh04RrxlIbMJUa4UysnIq4R4K1jHPdY5_jFRyLHGIg5Hfe8jtHfucdvz3ybkNSdcAff-p8goqz6YiY3e0DkG3eyzYXImMO8ThNZsFtA1saGRUbKTLEFDKxR96s1S6HOY6JG1nYslnmEHMCLSKveSQZ6OPgj8M3xfxrixaeighrXDzyfqO5fx_Q4T_1fkn2sYVHNMPwFRnVt409Al-tVq_7yfgLNB0_4Q
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title A Revised Framework for the Investigation of Expectation Update Versus Maintenance in the Context of Expectation Violations: The ViolEx 2.0 Model
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2606925478
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8632008
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726432/pdf
https://doaj.org/article/6692f1766d9e4311833db5da690273d5
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVBFR
  databaseName: Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: DIK
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
  providerName: Flying Publisher
– providerCode: PRVFQY
  databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: GX1
  dateStart: 0
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
  providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVAQN
  databaseName: PubMed Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: RPM
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– providerCode: PRVFZP
  databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1664-1078
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402002
  issn: 1664-1078
  databaseCode: M48
  dateStart: 20101201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info
  providerName: Scholars Portal
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fa9swEBalfVhfxtZtzFsXVNjThjNblmV7MEZWGsogZQ_N6J6MZEltwNhZnNDkz9h_vDvZCXUpK3t0YjlY9-s73eU7Qt4n3GIxSfjSIql2oLkvTcR9bjPJWSKzQGFFd3Ihzqf8-1V8tUe24626DWweTO1wntR0UQ7XvzdfweC_YMYJ8faTnTeba0j1WDhMIL5H4JEPIDAxVPJJh_adY8Zcqe1CFIKDA0rSts758FN6kcoR-vdQ6P0eyierai43t7Is7wSo8TPytEOWdNSqwnOyZ6ojcrhzcJsX5M-IYimgMZqOtz1ZFEArBRBI7xBu1BWtLUUS5KIt1NPpHA8GKB6urRo6kUgygUwdhs4qt9qRXK2X99f9nNVdr91nCgrprs_WlA0DikPYypfkcnx2eXrudyMZ_IJztoQ9s1ESKRZqHqcFF2DyRiNKSLXKTFLExoZSxiYrgkBZcKahKiBpCZhVhQBk8IrsV3VlXhOqQ8s5PEnINOEFY6kJmEq1sDpWVkXcI8F29_OioyvHqRllDmkLCix3AstRYHkrMI982C2Zt1wd_7r5G4p0dyPSbLsP6sV13lltLkTGLFJo6swA0gL3F2kVaykypAHSsUdOtgqRg1lirUVWpl41OaSJsBbJ0jyS9DSl94v9b6rZjSP4TkWEbSke-bjTqcdf6M3_vP1bcohX-KfKMDwm-8vFyrwDdLVUA3cqMXCWMyAH04sfo19_AX5vJcI
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELege2AvML5EBkNG4gmULnEcJ-Gtm1ZNSJt4WNF4ivw5KqokWhOx8l_wH3OXpFVTIRDi0Ykvke_O5zvf-WdC3ibcYTJJ-NIhqHZguC9txH3uMslZIrNAYUb34lKcz_jH6_h66ywMllU6PLqPF0HPiw4puC8RwxkOEVV27Krl6gZiOxaOE1jQI3ZcGXef7AlMMo3I3uzy0-QLRlpCcLAzSdqlM39PO1iQWtz-gbO5Wyr5oCkqufouF4utdWj6iOj1CLryk2_jplZj_WMH3PH_hnhAHvZuKp10BI_JPVs8Ifsba7l6Sn5OKOYVltbQ6brAi4IHTMGjpFvoHWVBS0cRUVl3WX86q3CXgeJOXbOkFxIRKxD2w9J50VK3iFl39S7d53nZF-59oKDdbfvsjrJxQPFGt8UzcjU9uzo99_v7HXzNOatBMi5KIsVCw-NUcwH2wxp0OVKjMpvo2LpQythmOgiUA8scKg0RUMCc0gLcjOdkVJSFfUGoCR3n8CUh04RrxlIbMJUa4UysnIq4R4K1jHPdY5_jFRyLHGIg5Hfe8jtHfucdvz3ybkNSdcAff-p8goqz6YiY3e0DkG3eyzYXImMO8ThNZsFtA1saGRUbKTLEFDKxR96s1S6HOY6JG1nYslnmEHMCLSKveSQZ6OPgj8M3xfxrixaeighrXDzyfqO5fx_Q4T_1fkn2sYVHNMPwFRnVt409Al-tVq_7yfgLNB0_4Q
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Revised+Framework+for+the+Investigation+of+Expectation+Update+Versus+Maintenance+in+the+Context+of+Expectation+Violations%3A+The+ViolEx+2.0+Model&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+psychology&rft.au=Panitz%2C+Christian&rft.au=Endres%2C+Dominik&rft.au=Buchholz%2C+Merle&rft.au=Khosrowtaj%2C+Zahra&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.issn=1664-1078&rft.eissn=1664-1078&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.726432&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3389_fpsyg_2021_726432
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1664-1078&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1664-1078&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1664-1078&client=summon