Electrical Manipulation of Topological Phases in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 35; no. 11; pp. e2207622 - n/a
• Main Authors: Chong, Su Kong, Zhang, Peng, Li, Jie, Zhou, Yinong, Wang, Jingyuan, Zhang, Huairuo, Davydov, Albert V., Eckberg, Christopher, Deng, Peng, Tai, Lixuan, Xia, Jing, Wu, Ruqian, Wang, Kang L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2023; Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
• Subjects: Antimony; Bismuth; Charge density; dual‐gating; electric fields; Epitaxial growth; First principles; Magnetic properties; magnetic topological insulators; Materials science; Molecular beam epitaxy; Phase transitions; quantum anomalous Hall effect; Thin films; Topological insulators; topological phase transitions; Topology; Two dimensional materials; quantum anomalous Hall effect; electric fields; topological phase transitions; magnetic topological insulators; dual-gating
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207622

Quantum anomalous Hall phases arising from the inverted band topology in magnetically doped topological insulators have emerged as an important subject of research for quantization at zero magnetic fields. Though necessary for practical implementation, sophisticated electrical control of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)‐grown quantum anomalous Hall matter have been stymied by growth and fabrication challenges. Here, a novel procedure is demonstrated, employing a combination of thin‐film deposition and 2D material stacking techniques, to create dual‐gated devices of the MBE‐grown quantum anomalous Hall insulator, Cr‐doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3. In these devices, orthogonal control over the field‐induced charge density and the electric displacement field is demonstrated. A thorough examination of material responses to tuning along each control axis is presented, realizing magnetic property control along the former and a novel capability to manipulate the surface exchange gap along the latter. Through electrically addressing the exchange gap, the capabilities to either strengthen the quantum anomalous Hall state or suppress it entirely and drive a topological phase transition to a trivial state are demonstrated. The experimental result is explained using first principle theoretical calculations, and establishes a practical route for in situ control of quantum anomalous Hall states and topology. Dual‐gated Cr‐doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 magnetic topological insulator devices are fabricated by combining molecular beam epitaxial growth and 2D transfer methods. The large gate‐tunability using mica as the gate dielectric leads to the observation of the reversible transition between two distinct topological phases, namely the quantum anomalous Hall and the anomalous Hall insulator, via electric field tuning.