Nutrient-Enriched Germinated Brown Rice Alters the Intestinal Ecological Network by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Rats

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 26; no. 16; p. 7693
• Main Authors: Ren, Chuanying, Lu, Shuwen, Shan, Shan, Zhang, Shan, Hong, Bin, Yuan, Di, Zhang, Jingyi, Gao, Shiwei, Liu, Qing, Fan, Xiaobing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.08.2025; MDPI
• Subjects: Amino acids; Amino Acids - metabolism; Animals; Blood lipids; Blood sugar; Carbohydrates; Cholesterol; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Enzymes; Euryarchaeota - growth & development; Euryarchaeota - isolation & purification; Fatty liver; Flavonoids; GABA; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Germination; Glucose; Grain; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - etiology; Hyperglycemia - prevention & control; Hyperlipidemia; Hyperlipidemias - etiology; Hyperlipidemias - prevention & control; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Interleukin-6 - blood; Intestines - microbiology; Isoflavones; Lactobacillus - isolation & purification; Lipid Metabolism - genetics; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Lipoproteins; Liver - metabolism; Low density lipoproteins; Male; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Morphology; Nilotinib; Nutrients - administration & dosage; Nutrients - analysis; Oryza - chemistry; Oryza - growth & development; Oryza - metabolism; Probiotics; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Raw materials; Rice; Seedlings - chemistry; Seedlings - growth & development; Seedlings - metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Type 2 diabetes; China; germinated brown rice; gut microbiota; lipid metabolism; nutrient rich; related gene
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms26167693

Metabolic diseases such as high blood lipids, high blood sugar, and disrupted gut microbiota pose a serious threat to people’s physical health. The occurrence of these diseases is closely related to the lack of nutrients in daily rice staple foods, but there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms. This study used fully nutritious brown rice as raw material, and after germination under various stress conditions, it significantly increased the levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA, four carbon non protein amino acid), resistant starch, flavonoids, and other components that regulate metabolic diseases. Using rats as experimental subjects, a model of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia was constructed, with rice consumption as the control. The experimental period was 8 weeks. Research has found that feeding sprouted brown rice can significantly improve the accumulation of white fat in the liver caused by a high-fat diet, significantly reduce TC, TG, LDL-C, apoB, HL, LPL, and LCAT, significantly increase HDL-C and apoA1, and significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Therefore, consuming sprouted brown rice can reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and tumor occurrence by promoting fat breakdown, and can also increase the abundance of metabolic-promoting microorganisms (especially Euryarchaeota and Lactobacillus) in the intestine, improving the entire metabolic ecological network of rats.