Critical reappraisal confirms that Mitofusin 2 is an endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria tether
The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER–mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 113; no. 40; pp. 11249 - 11254 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
04.10.2016
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1606786113 |
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| Abstract | The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER–mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2’s role in ER–mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER–mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca2+ released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in Mfn2
−/− cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated Mfn2
−/− liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER–mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. |
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| AbstractList | Organelles engage in heterotypic interactions crucial for metabolic and signaling cascades. The best-studied case of this heterotypic interaction is that between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), crucial for transfer of lipids and especially Ca
2+
between the two organelles. The original discovery that the mitochondria-shaping protein Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) physically tethers the ER to mitochondria was recently challenged. Here, electron microscopy and fluorescent probes of organelle proximity provide definitive evidence that constitutive or acute Mfn2 ablation increases the distance between the ER and mitochondria. Functionally, this process reduces mitochondrial Ca
2+
uptake without altering the mitochondrial Ca
2+
uniporter complex in multiple tissues. Thus, the discoveries of the role of ER–mitochondria juxtaposition in cell biology based on Mfn2 as a tool remain unchallenged.
The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER–mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2’s role in ER–mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER–mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca
2+
released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in
Mfn2
−/−
cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca
2+
uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated
Mfn2
−/−
liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER–mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER-mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2's role in ER-mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER-mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca super( 2+) released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in Mfn2 super( -/-) cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca super( 2+) uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated Mfn2 super( -/-) liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER-mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER–mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2’s role in ER–mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER–mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca2+ released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in Mfn2 −/− cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated Mfn2 −/− liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER–mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER-mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2's role in ER-mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER-mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in Mfn2 cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated Mfn2 liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER-mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin (Mfn) 2 as an ER-mitochondria tether. However, this established Mfn2 function was recently questioned, calling for a critical re-evaluation of Mfn2's role in ER-mitochondria cross-talk. Electron microscopy and fluorescence-based probes of organelle proximity confirmed that ER-mitochondria juxtaposition was reduced by constitutive or acute Mfn2 deletion. Functionally, mitochondrial uptake of Ca^sup 2+^ released from the ER was reduced following acute Mfn2 ablation, as well as in Mfn2^sup -/-^ cells overexpressing the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca^sup 2+^ uptake rate and extent were normal in isolated Mfn2^sup -/-^ liver mitochondria, consistent with the finding that acute or chronic Mfn2 ablation or overexpression did not alter mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex component levels. Hence, Mfn2 stands as a bona fide ER-mitochondria tether whose ablation decreases interorganellar juxtaposition and communication. |
| Author | Semenzato, Martina Zorzano, Antonio Dorn, Gerald W. Giacomello, Marta De Stefani, Diego Grespi, Francesca Hernández-Alvarez, Maria Isabel Naon, Deborah Serafini, Annalisa Lakshminaranayan, Sowmya Scorrano, Luca Zaninello, Marta Varanita, Tatiana Herkenne, Stephanie |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Deborah surname: Naon fullname: Naon, Deborah organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Marta surname: Zaninello fullname: Zaninello, Marta organization: Fondazione S. Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00161 Rome, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Marta surname: Giacomello fullname: Giacomello, Marta organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Tatiana surname: Varanita fullname: Varanita, Tatiana organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Francesca surname: Grespi fullname: Grespi, Francesca organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Sowmya surname: Lakshminaranayan fullname: Lakshminaranayan, Sowmya organization: Fondazione S. Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00161 Rome, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Annalisa surname: Serafini fullname: Serafini, Annalisa organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Martina surname: Semenzato fullname: Semenzato, Martina organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 9 givenname: Stephanie surname: Herkenne fullname: Herkenne, Stephanie organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy – sequence: 10 givenname: Maria Isabel surname: Hernández-Alvarez fullname: Hernández-Alvarez, Maria Isabel organization: Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 11 givenname: Antonio surname: Zorzano fullname: Zorzano, Antonio organization: Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 12 givenname: Diego surname: De Stefani fullname: De Stefani, Diego organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy – sequence: 13 givenname: Gerald W. surname: Dorn fullname: Dorn, Gerald W. organization: Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 – sequence: 14 givenname: Luca surname: Scorrano fullname: Scorrano, Luca organization: Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27647893$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contributions: D.N., D.D.S., G.W.D., and L.S. designed research; D.N., M.Z., M.G., T.V., F.G., S.L., A.S., M.S., S.H., G.W.D., and L.S. performed research; M.G., M.I.H.-A., and A.Z. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.N., M.Z., M.G., T.V., F.G., S.L., A.S., M.S., S.H., and L.S. analyzed data; and D.N., G.W.D., and L.S. wrote the paper. Edited by Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, National Institutes of Science, Bethesda, MD, and approved August 17, 2016 (received for review April 28, 2016) |
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| Snippet | The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin... Organelles engage in heterotypic interactions crucial for metabolic and signaling cascades. The best-studied case of this heterotypic interaction is that... The discovery of the multiple roles of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) juxtaposition in cell biology often relied upon the exploitation of Mitofusin... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Biological Sciences Calcium Calcium - metabolism Calcium Channels - metabolism Cellular biology Embryo, Mammalian - cytology Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum - ultrastructure Fibroblasts - metabolism Fibroblasts - ultrastructure Fluorescence Gene Deletion GTP Phosphohydrolases - metabolism Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism Humans Liver - metabolism Mice, Knockout Microscopy Mitochondria Mitochondria - metabolism Mitochondria - ultrastructure Molecular Probes - metabolism Proteins |
| Title | Critical reappraisal confirms that Mitofusin 2 is an endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria tether |
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