Clinical Usefulness of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cellular Analysis and Lymphocyte Subsets in Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases

• Published in: Annals of laboratory medicine Vol. 35; no. 2; pp. 220 - 225
• Main Authors: Lee, Wookeun, Chung, Wha Soon, Hong, Ki-Sook, Huh, Jungwon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine 01.03.2015; 대한진단검사의학회
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Area Under Curve; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Demography; Eosinophils - cytology; Female; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - diagnostic imaging; Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils - cytology; Original; ROC Curve; Sarcoidosis - diagnosis; T-Lymphocytes - cytology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; 병리학; Pulmonary eosinophilia; Sarcoidosis; Lymphocyte subsets; Bronchoalveolar lavage; Interstitial lung diseases
• ISSN: 2234-3806; 2234-3814; 2234-3814
• DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.2.220

Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (DILDs) form a part of a heterogeneous group of respiratory diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis has been used for differential diagnosis of DILDs, but their clinical usefulness is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of BAL cellular analysis with lymphocyte subsets for the differential diagnosis of DILDs. A total of 69 patients diagnosed with DILDs were enrolled. Basic demographic data, BAL cellular analysis with lymphocyte subsets, histology, and high resolution computed tomogram (HRCT) findings were analyzed and compared as per disease subgroup. Significant differences were found between groups in the proportion of neutrophils (P=0.0178), eosinophils (P=0.0003), T cells (P=0.0305), CD4 cells (P=0.0002), CD8 cells (P<0.0001), and CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.0001). These findings were characteristic features of eosinophilic pneumonia and sarcoidosis. Other parameters were not significantly different between groups. At the cut-off value of 2.16 for sarcoidosis, CD4/CD8 ratio showed sensitivity of 91.7% (95% CI, 61.5-98.6%) and specificity of 84.2% (95% CI, 72.1-92.5%). Routine analysis of BAL lymphocyte subset may not provide any additional benefit for differential diagnosis of DILDs, except for conditions where BAL is specifically indicated, such as eosinophilic pneumonia or sarcoidosis.