Thyrotoxicosis associated with the use of amiodarone: the utility of ultrasound in patient management

Summary Amiodarone is an anti‐arrhythmic drug that commonly affects the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. Amiodarone‐induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is caused by excessive thyroid hormone biosynthesis in response to iodine load in autonomously functioning thyroid glands with pre‐existi...

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Published inClinical endocrinology (Oxford) Vol. 84; no. 2; pp. 172 - 176
Main Authors Theodoraki, Aikaterini, Vanderpump, Mark P. J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0300-0664
1365-2265
DOI10.1111/cen.12988

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Summary:Summary Amiodarone is an anti‐arrhythmic drug that commonly affects the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. Amiodarone‐induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is caused by excessive thyroid hormone biosynthesis in response to iodine load in autonomously functioning thyroid glands with pre‐existing nodular goitre or underlying Graves' disease (type 1 or AIT 1), or by a destructive thyroiditis typically occurring in normal glands (type 2 or AIT 2). Indeterminate or mixed forms are also recognized. The distinction is clinically useful as AIT 1 is treated predominantly with thionamides, whereas AIT 2 is managed with glucocorticoids. We review the tools used to differentiate type 1 from type 2 thyrotoxicosis, with specific reference to the imaging modalities used.
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ISSN:0300-0664
1365-2265
DOI:10.1111/cen.12988