Prerequisites between learning objects: Automatic extraction based on a machine learning approach

• Published in: Telematics and informatics Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 595 - 610
• Main Authors: Gasparetti, Fabio, De Medio, Carlo, Limongelli, Carla, Sciarrone, Filippo, Temperini, Marco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2018; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Automation; CAI; Computer assisted instruction; Construction materials; Curriculum sequencing; Data analysis; Distance learning; E-learning; Feature extraction; Hypertext; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Object recognition; Online instruction; Prerequisite; Repositories; Taxonomy; Technological change; E-learning; Curriculum sequencing; Learning object; Machine learning; Prerequisite
• ISSN: 0736-5853; 1879-324X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.007

One standing problem in the area of web-based e-learning is how to support instructional designers to effectively and efficiently retrieve learning materials, appropriate for their educational purposes. Learning materials can be retrieved from structured repositories, such as repositories of Learning Objects and Massive Open Online Courses; they could also come from unstructured sources, such as web hypertext pages. Platforms for distance education often implement algorithms for recommending specific educational resources and personalized learning paths to students. But choosing and sequencing the adequate learning materials to build adaptive courses may reveal to be quite a challenging task. In particular, establishing the prerequisite relationships among learning objects, in terms of prior requirements needed to understand and complete before making use of the subsequent contents, is a crucial step for faculty, instructional designers or automated systems whose goal is to adapt existing learning objects to delivery in new distance courses. Nevertheless, this information is often missing. In this paper, an innovative machine learning-based approach for the identification of prerequisites between text-based resources is proposed. A feature selection methodology allows us to consider the attributes that are most relevant to the predictive modeling problem. These features are extracted from both the input material and weak-taxonomies available on the web. Input data undergoes a Natural language process that makes finding patterns of interest more easy for the applied automated analysis. Finally, the prerequisite identification is cast to a binary statistical classification task. The accuracy of the approach is validated by means of experimental evaluations on real online coursers covering different subjects.