Effects of Sodium Restriction on Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Immune Indices During HIV Infection

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 214; no. 9; pp. 1336 - 1340
• Main Authors: Srinivasa, Suman, Burdo, Tricia H., Williams, Kenneth C., Mitten, Emilie K., Wong, Kimberly, Fitch, Kathleen V., Stanley, Takara, Adler, Gail K., Grinspoon, Steven K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 01.11.2016
• Subjects: Antigens, CD - metabolism; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - metabolism; Biomarkers - metabolism; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism; Diet, Sodium-Restricted - methods; Female; HIV Infections - metabolism; HIV/AIDS; Humans; Major and Brief Reports; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism; Renin-Angiotensin System - drug effects; Sodium - administration & dosage; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; HIV; sodium restriction; mineralocorticoid; immune activation
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw392

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients demonstrate increased activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We evaluated changes in immune markers with physiological RAAS activation. Methods. Immune activation markers were assessed serially in 18 HIV-infected and 7 non-HIV-infected subjects consuming an ad libitum diet followed by a standardized low-sodium diet. Results. Levels of CCL-2 (P = .0004) and soluble CD163 (P = .0001) significantly increased with sodium restriction and RAAS activation, compared with levels in individuals with ad libitum sodium intake, among chronically treated HIV-infected subjects (mean duration of ART [±SEM], 11 ± 1 years), but not among non-HIV-infected subjects of similar age and sex. Conclusions. Dietary sodium restriction, which activates RAAS, uniquely stimulates critical indices of immune activation during HIV infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01407237.