A Novel Coarse-to-Fine Image Registration for Repeat-Pass InSAR Based on Gabor Filter Feature and Its Application in Terahertz Region

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 12; pp. 18508 - 18519
• Main Authors: Wang, Zeyu, Li, Chao, Zhang, Guohua, Zheng, Shen, Liu, Xiaojun, Fang, Guangyou
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Correlation coefficients; Feature detection; Feature extraction; Gabor filters; Gabor odd filter (GOF); Image enhancement; Image reconstruction; Image registration; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Interferometry; Matching; Mathematical analysis; Projection model; Radar polarimetry; Registration; SAR interferometry (InSAR); Speckle; Synthetic aperture radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Terahertz (THz); Terahertz communications; Terahertz frequencies; Three-dimensional displays; three-dimensional imaging
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3357116

In this study, a novel coarse-to-fine image registration algorithm based on feature matching using the Gabor filters is provided for repeat-pass SAR interferometry (InSAR). In the coarse registration, we propose a feature-based algorithm developed using the Gabor odd filter ratio-based operator (GOFRO), and the innovative feature based on the GOFRO (GOFRO-F) consists of the improved nonlinear scale space and the descriptor. The establishment of nonlinear scale spaces informed by the GOFRO enhances the stability of feature detection. Also, an improved 64-dimensional descriptor based on the GOFRO is presented to optimize the capability of feature matching. In the fine registration, we employ the normalized correlation coefficient algorithm (NCCA) and the random consensus sample (RANSAC) for determining offsets and the sub-pixel projection model calculation. The datasets of interferograms are derived from the 0.3 THz stepped-frequency radar. Compared to other algorithms, registration experiments of both simple and complex scatters show that GOFRO-F is more suitable for high precision image registration because of its enhanced robustness to the speckle noise. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is conducted based on our proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm facilitates the attainment of millimeter-level spatial resolutions for InSAR in THz band (THz InSAR).