GPT (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer)- A Comprehensive Review on Enabling Technologies, Potential Applications, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 12; pp. 54608 - 54649
• Main Authors: Yenduri, Gokul, Ramalingam, M., Selvi, G. Chemmalar, Supriya, Y., Srivastava, Gautam, Maddikunta, Praveen Kumar Reddy, Raj, G. Deepti, Jhaveri, Rutvij H., Prabadevi, B., Wang, Weizheng, Vasilakos, Athanasios V., Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural networks; Generative pre-trained transformer; Language; Natural language processing; Reviews; Solid modeling; Surveys; Task analysis; Transformers
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3389497

The Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) represents a notable breakthrough in the domain of natural language processing, which is propelling us toward the development of machines that can understand and communicate using language in a manner that closely resembles that of humans. GPT is based on the transformer architecture, a deep neural network designed for natural language processing tasks. Due to their impressive performance on natural language processing tasks and ability to effectively converse, GPT have gained significant popularity among researchers and industrial communities, making them one of the most widely used and effective models in natural language processing and related fields, which motivated to conduct this review. This review provides a detailed overview of the GPT, including its architecture, working process, training procedures, enabling technologies, and its impact on various applications. In this review, we also explored the potential challenges and limitations of a GPT. Furthermore, we discuss potential solutions and future directions. Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of GPT, its enabling technologies, their impact on various applications, emerging challenges, and potential solutions.