Chitosan-Coated Surgical Sutures Prevent Adherence and Biofilms of Mixed Microbial Communities

• Published in: Current microbiology Vol. 78; no. 2; pp. 502 - 512
• Main Authors: Prabha, Subramani, Sowndarya, Jothipandiyan, Ram, Parepalli Janaki Venkata Sai, Rubini, Durairajan, Hari, B Narayanan Vedha, Aruni, Wilson, Nithyanand, Paramasivam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: antibacterial properties; Bacteria; biofilm; Biofilms; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Candida albicans; Chitosan; Chitosan - pharmacology; Coating; Coatings; Colonization; crabs; cross infection; Drug resistance; Fungi; hyphae; Infectious diseases; Invasiveness; Life Sciences; Microbial activity; Microbiology; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Nosocomial infections; Pathogens; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Scanning electron microscopy; Shells; Slime; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Surgery; Surgical site infections; Sutures; Triclosan; Virulence; Virulence factors; wastes
• ISSN: 0343-8651; 1432-0991; 1432-0991
• DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02306-7

Sutures are widely used materials for closing the surgical wounds, and being an inert material, sutures are often colonized with drug-resistant polymicrobial biofilms. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a hospital-acquired infection caused by bacteria and fungi specifically in the sutured sites. Although most of the currently available sutures possess antibacterial property, their ability to prevent biofilm colonization by polymicrobial communities is underexplored. So, the present study shows that extracted chitosan (EC) from crab shells prevented the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans , the predominant members that exist as mixed species at the site of SSI. In comparison with a commercial chitosan, EC showed profound inhibition of slime formation and mixed species biofilm inhibition. Intriguingly, EC-coated sutures could inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal pathogens when comparing with a commercial triclosan-coated suture which was active only against the bacterial pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed inhibition of C. albicans hyphal formation by the EC-coated sutures that is a crucial virulence factor responsible for tissue invasiveness. Collectively, the results of the present study showed that EC from crab shells (discarded material as a recalcitrant biowaste) could be used as an alternative to combat drug-resistant biofilms which are the prime cause for SSIs.