Multi-Objective Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm Based 2-Hop Routing Algorithm for CR-VANET

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 9; pp. 58230 - 58242
• Main Authors: Hossain, Mohammad Asif, Noor, Rafidah Md, Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin, Azzuhri, Saaidal Razalli, Z'Abar, Muhammad Reza, Ahmedy, Ismail, Jabbarpour, Mohammad Reza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 2-hop routing; Algorithms; Cognitive radio; communication overhead; Data transmission; Dedicated short range communication; delay; Delays; Harris Hawks Optimization; Heuristic algorithms; Mobile ad hoc networks; Multiple objective analysis; Optimization; packet delivery ratio; packet loss rate; Route selection; Routing; Routing algorithm; Routing protocols; throughput; Traffic congestion; VANET; Vehicular ad hoc networks
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072922

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) emerges to ameliorate road accident, traffic congestion, and infotainment. Cognitive radio (CR) is integrated with VANET (termed as CR-VANET) to deal with the spectrum scarcity problems. For better data transmission, routing is very important in a highly dynamic CR-VANET environment. Routing in CR-VANET has several challenges due to vehicles' high-speed movements and channel accessibility issues. This paper proposes a 2-Hop routing algorithm based on the Multi-Objective Harris Hawks Optimization (2HMO-HHO) algorithm that chooses the optimal forwarders between the source and destination vehicles. Selecting 2-hops instead of multiple hops or the entire route increases the selected route's stability and assures successful data transmission. The simulations performed in OMNeT++ with SUMO show that the proposed algorithm achieves promising results on throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio, packet loss rate and communication overhead.