Joint Optimization of Survivability and Energy Efficiency in 5G C-RAN With mm-Wave Based RRH

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 8; pp. 100159 - 100171
• Main Authors: Tian, Bo, Zhang, Qi, Li, Yiqiang, Tornatore, Massimo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Algorithms; Artificial neural networks; backhaul link; Centralized radio access network; End users; Energy efficiency; Frequencies; Frequency reuse; Heuristic methods; millimeter wave; Millimeter waves; Optical fiber devices; Optical fiber networks; Optical fibers; Optical switches; Optimization; Placement; Survivability; Traffic assignment; Wireless communication
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2997396

Centralized Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) exploiting millimeter wave (mm-wave) technology in remote radio heads (RRHs) are regarded as a promising approach to satisfy the challenging service requirements of fifth generation (5G) mobile communication. However, ultra-dense deployment of mm-wave RRHs will generate enormous amount of traffic that will require effective design and operation of C-RAN backhaul. In this paper, we focus on developing an optimal mm-wave RRHs placement strategy that exploits resource and traffic assignment in RRHs to achieve reliable and energy efficient backhaul transmissions. Specifically, in this paper, mm-wave is considered both to provide end users access and to interconnect RRHs in same frequency band, hence achieving energy saving thanks to hardware and frequency reuse. In this scenario, leveraging the traffic predictions obtained by a deep neural network, we present a real-time traffic assignment scheme where traffic from affected RRHs can be rerouted to other RRHs to protect against backhaul failures and traffic migrates to as few RRHs as possible to switch off some backhaul links for energy efficiency. Due to the inherent short-range transmission of mm-wave, different RRH deployment locations significantly affect interconnections in RRHs. Therefore, we model the mm-wave RRH placement problem into an optimization framework that jointly maximizes backhaul survivability and energy efficiency, whilst subjects to constraints as network coverage and capacity. To guarantee scalability of the proposed scheme as network scale increases, a heuristic algorithm is also proposed. Numerical evaluations show that, with appropriate RRH placement strategies, significant survivability and energy efficiency improvements can be achieved.