Kidney Adaptations Prevent Loss of Trace Elements in Wistar Rats with Early Metabolic Syndrome

• Published in: Biological trace element research Vol. 199; no. 5; pp. 1941 - 1953
• Main Authors: Sánchez-Solís, Cristhian Neftaly, Hernández-Fragoso, Hugo, Aburto-Luna, Violeta, Olivier, Christophe Barbier, Diaz, Alfonso, Brambila, Eduardo, Treviño, Samuel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Adaptation; Age; basement membrane; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; blood serum; Cell proliferation; Chromium; comorbidity; Copper; cortex; Diet; Dyslipidemia; glycation; Glycosylation; high energy diet; Homeostasis; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinemia; hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Life Sciences; Magnesium; males; Malformations; Manganese; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Micronutrients; Nickel; Nutrition; obesity; Oncology; Parameter modification; Proliferation; Renal cortex; Renal function; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Serum; Structure-function relationships; Thickening; Trace elements; Trace elements (nutrients); Zinc; Micronutrients; Chronic kidney disease; Trace elements; Metabolic syndrome; Hypercaloric diet
• ISSN: 0163-4984; 1559-0720; 1559-0720
• DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02317-2

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of related metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for chronic kidney disease that carries to loss of essential micronutrients, which accelerates comorbidity apparition. The work aimed was to evaluate the trace element homeostasis regarding morphological adaptations and renal function in MetS early-onset. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (a) control group and (b) hypercaloric diet group that developed MetS early-onset after 3 months. Classical zoometric parameters do not show changes; however, biochemical modifications were observed such as hyperglycemia, protein glycation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. MetS early-onset group observed renal structural modifications, but no functional changes. The structural modifications observed were minimal glomerular injury, glomerular basement membrane thickening, as well as mesangial and tubular cells that showed growth and proliferation. In serum and kidney (cortex and medulla), the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni were no differences between the experimental groups, but excretory fractions of these were lower in the hypercaloric diet group. In conclusion, MetS early-onset coexist renal structural modification and a hyperreabsorptive activity of essential trace elements that avoid its loss; thus, the excretory fraction of oligo-elements could be used a biomarker of early renal injury caused by metabolic diseases in the clinical practice.