Asymmetric Flexion Contracture is Associated With Leg Length Inequality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative

• Published in: Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation Vol. 104; no. 12; pp. 2067 - 2074
• Main Authors: Fournier, John, Trudel, Guy, Feibel, Robert J., Uhthoff, Hans, McGonagle, Dennis, Campbell, T. Mark
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Contracture; Disease Progression; Humans; Knee Joint; Leg; Leg length inequality; Leg Length Inequality - complications; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Range of motion; Rehabilitation; KL; Range of motion; KExD; GEE; LLI; KOOS; OKOA; Contracture; ROM; Leg length inequality; OA; OAI; Rehabilitation; Osteoarthritis; FC; BMI
• ISSN: 0003-9993; 1532-821X; 1532-821X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.021

To evaluate whether knee flexion contracture (FC) was associated with leg length inequality (LLI) and/or morbidity in knee osteoarthritis (OA). We accessed 2 databases: (1) the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort, including participants with, or at-risk of OA, and (2) the Ottawa Knee Osteoarthritis cross-sectional database (OKOA), including participants with primary advanced knee OA. Both included demographics, radiographic data, knee range of motion, leg length, pain, and function scales. Tertiary care academic rheumatology and orthopedic clinics. Patients with or at-risk of primary OA. We included 881 OAI and 72 OKOA participants (N=953). Not applicable. The primary outcome tested the association between the difference in knee extensions of the OA and contralateral knees (the knee extension difference, or KExD) and LLI. This was evaluated using bivariate regression, followed by a multivariable linear regression model. OAI participants had less severe knee OA [Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score 1.9±1.3] vs OKOA (KL score 3.4±0.6). The KExD correlated with LLI for both databases (OAI: R=0.167; P≤.001; OKOA: R=0.339; P=.004). Multivariable regression showed an effect of KExD on LLI in both databases (OAI: β=0.37[0.18,0.57]; P<.001, OKOA: β=0.73[0.20,1.26]; P=.007). When broken down by subgroup, the OAI moderate-severe OA group showed a significant effect of KExD on LLI (β=0.60 [0.34,0.85]; P<.001). OA-related loss of knee extension was associated with LLI for those with moderate-severe OA. Because LLI correlates with worse knee OA symptoms, discovering an FC should cue clinicians to evaluate for LLI, an easily-treatable finding that may help reduce OA-associated morbidity for those approaching the need for arthroplasty.