A Proposal of a Method for Ready-Mixed Concrete Quality Assessment Based on Statistical-Fuzzy Approach

• Published in: Materials Vol. 13; no. 24; p. 5674
• Main Authors: Skrzypczak, Izabela, Kokoszka, Wanda, Zięba, Joanna, Leśniak, Agnieszka, Bajno, Dariusz, Bednarz, Lukasz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.12.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Approach control; Classification; Compressive strength; Concrete mixing; Conformity; Construction industry; Design; Fuzzy control; Fuzzy sets; Manufacturers; Methods; Quality assessment; Quality control; Ready mixed concrete; Standard deviation; Statistical analysis; Uncertainty; conformity criteria; ready-mixed concrete; statistical-fuzzy method; construction material; quality assessment
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma13245674

Control of technical parameters obtained by ready-mixed concrete may be carried out at different stages of the development of concrete properties and by different participants involved in the construction investment process. According to the European Standard EN 206 “Concrete–Specification, performance, production and conformity”, mandatory control of concrete conformity is conducted by the producer during production. As shown by the subject literature, statistical criteria set out in the standard, including the method for concrete quality assessment based on the concept of concrete family, continue to evoke discussions and raise doubts. This justifies seeking alternative methods for concrete quality assessment. This paper presents a novel approach to quality control and classification of concrete based on combining statistical and fuzzy theories as a means of representation of two types of uncertainty: random uncertainty and information uncertainty. In concrete production, a typical situation when fuzzy uncertainty can be taken into consideration is the conformity control of concrete compressive strength, which is conducted to confirm the declared concrete class. The proposed procedure for quality assessment of a concrete batch is based on defining the membership function for the considered concrete classes and establishing the degree of belonging to the considered concrete class. It was found that concrete classification set out by the standard includes too many concrete classes of overlapping probability density distributions, and the proposed solution was to limit the scope of compressive strength to every second class so as to ensure the efficacy of conformity assessment conducted for concrete classes and concrete families. The proposed procedures can lead to two types of decisions: non-fuzzy (crisp) or fuzzy, which point out to possible solutions and their corresponding preferences. The suggested procedure for quality assessment allows to classify a concrete batch in a fuzzy way with the degree of certainty less than or equal to 1. The results obtained confirm the possibility of employing the proposed method for quality assessment in the production process of ready-mixed concrete.