Enhanced Positioning Algorithm Using a Single Image in an LCD-Camera System by Mesh Elements’ Recalculation and Angle Error Orientation

• Published in: Materials Vol. 12; no. 24; p. 4216
• Main Authors: de Francisco Ortiz, Óscar, Estrems Amestoy, Manuel, Sánchez Reinoso, Horacio T., Carrero-Blanco Martínez-Hombre, Julio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.12.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Angular position; Apexes; Approximation; Cameras; Coordinate measuring machines; Coordinates; Deviation; Digital cameras; Image enhancement; Inclination; Machine tool industry; Orientation; Photogrammetry; Position measurement; Reference systems; Sizing screens; Software; Trigonometric functions; Workpieces; image processing; micromanufacturing; position compensation; mechatronics; accuracy; manufacturing systems; inverse conical perspective; position control; micromachines
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma12244216

In this article, we present a method to position the tool in a micromachine system based on a camera-LCD screen positioning system that also provides information about angular deviations of the tool axis during its running. Both position and angular deviations are obtained by reducing a matrix of LEDs in the image to a single rectangle in the conical perspective that is treated by a photogrammetry method. This method computes the coordinates and orientation of the camera with respect to the fixed screen coordinate system. The used image consists of 5 × 5 lit LEDs, which are analyzed by the algorithm to determine a rectangle with known dimensions. The coordinates of the vertices of the rectangle in space are obtained by an inverse perspective computation from the image. The method presents a good approximation of the central point of the rectangle and provides the inclination of the workpiece with respect to the LCD screen reference system of coordinates. A test of the method is designed with the assistance of a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) to check the accuracy of the positioning method. The performed test delivers a good accuracy in the position measurement of the designed method. A high dispersion in the angular deviation is detected, although the orientation of the inclination is appropriate in almost every case. This is due to the small values of the angles that makes the trigonometric function approximations very erratic. This method is a good starting point for the compensation of angular deviation in vision based micromachine tools, which is the principal source of errors in these operations and represents the main volume in the cost of machine elements’ parts.