Resting-State Networks of Awake Adolescent and Adult Squirrel Monkeys Using Ultra-High Field (9.4 T) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Resting-state networks (RSNs) are increasingly forwarded as candidate biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such biomarkers may provide objective measures for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions in nonhuman primates often used in translational neuroimaging research. This study aimed to c...
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| Published in | eNeuro Vol. 11; no. 5; p. ENEURO.0173-23.2024 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Society for Neuroscience
01.05.2024
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2373-2822 2373-2822 |
| DOI | 10.1523/ENEURO.0173-23.2024 |
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| Summary: | Resting-state networks (RSNs) are increasingly forwarded as candidate biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Such biomarkers may provide objective measures for evaluating novel therapeutic interventions in nonhuman primates often used in translational neuroimaging research. This study aimed to characterize the RSNs of awake squirrel monkeys and compare the characteristics of those networks in adolescent and adult subjects. Twenty-seven squirrel monkeys [
n
= 12 adolescents (6 male/6 female) ∼2.5 years and
n
= 15 adults (7 male/8 female) ∼9.5 years] were gradually acclimated to awake scanning procedures; whole-brain fMRI images were acquired with a 9.4 T scanner. Group-level independent component analysis (ICA; 30 ICs) with dual regression was used to detect and compare RSNs. Twenty ICs corresponding to physiologically meaningful networks representing a range of neural functions, including motor, sensory, reward, and cognitive processes, were identified in both adolescent and adult monkeys. The reproducibility of these RSNs was evaluated across several ICA model orders. Adults showed a trend for greater connectivity compared with adolescent subjects in two of the networks of interest: (1) in the right occipital region with the OFC network and (2) in the left temporal cortex, bilateral occipital cortex, and cerebellum with the posterior cingulate network. However, when age was entered into the above model, this trend for significance was lost. These results demonstrate that squirrel monkey RSNs are stable and consistent with RSNs previously identified in humans, rodents, and other nonhuman primate species. These data also identify several networks in adolescence that are conserved and others that may change into adulthood. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 W.Y. and F.B.M. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R01DA048150 (S.J.K.) and R01DA047575 (J.B./S.J.K./B.D.K.), Alkermes Pathways Research Awards grant (S.L.W.), T32DA015036 (F.B.M.), K01DA039306 (S.J.K.), and S10RR019356, and by the Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center, an office within the Office of National Drug Control Policy, via Contract No. DBK39-03-C-0075, awarded by the Army Contracting Agency. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the U.S. Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors declare no competing financial interests. We thank Jessi Stover, Samantha McGouldrick, Bryan Carlson, and Craig Stone for their efforts in acclimating subjects to awake MRI procedures, Kenroy Cayetano for engineering the experimental equipment used for these studies and providing the schematic for Figure 1, Bonnie Adams for assistance with MRI data acquisition, and Drs. Dionyssis Mintzopolous and Michael L. Rohan for developing the acquisition sequences used here. We acknowledge Dr. Lisa Nickerson from the Harvard Catalyst Biostatistics consulting program for helpful discussions about independent component analysis and presentation of results. Portions of this work were presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. Author contributions: W.Y., B.D.K., J.B., and S.J.K. designed Research; W.Y., F.B.M., S.L.W., and S.J.K. performed research; W.Y., F.B.M., S.L.W., L.C., and S.J.K. analyzed data; W.Y., F.B.M., S.L.W., L.C., B.D.K., J.B., and S.J.K. wrote the paper. |
| ISSN: | 2373-2822 2373-2822 |
| DOI: | 10.1523/ENEURO.0173-23.2024 |