Endometriosis: A review of recent evidence and guidelines

• Published in: Australian journal of general practice Vol. 53; no. 1/2; pp. 11 - 18
• Main Authors: Crump, Jessica, Suker, Adriana, White, Louise
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sydney Royal Australian College of General Practitioners 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Australia; Embryology, Human; Endometriosis; Endometriosis - complications; Endometriosis - diagnosis; Endometriosis - therapy; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvic Pain - diagnosis; Pelvic Pain - drug therapy; Reproductive health; Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Social aspects; Treatment; Ultrasonography; Australia
• ISSN: 2208-7958; 2208-794X; 2208-7958
• DOI: 10.31128/AJGP/04-23-6805

We acknowledge individuals in the transgender community and people who are non-binary living with endometriosis who might not identify as women. Efforts have been made to use neutral language. Where the word 'woman' has been used, we include all people with a uterus. Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition defined as endometrial-like tissue proliferating outside the uterus. It is a common yet frequently under-recognised condition affecting one in nine Australian women. Objective: This paper aims to provide a summary of the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of endometriosis-associated pain and infertility from the most recent evidence-based guidelines on endometriosis by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, the Royal Australian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Discussion: Effective management of endometriosis requires prompt diagnosis to enable early multidisciplinary intervention that aligns with patient needs and priorities. Assessment includes a thorough history, pelvic examination where appropriate and referral for transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging. If endometriosis is suspected based on clinical symptoms but imaging is negative or empirical treatment is ineffective, individuals should be referred to a gynaecologist for further assessment and consideration of laparoscopy. Management options include hormonal and surgical therapies.