Di- and tri-component spinel ferrite nanocubes: synthesis and their comparative characterization for theranostic applications

• Published in: Nanoscale Vol. 13; no. 32; pp. 13665 - 1368
• Main Authors: Silvestri, Niccolò, Gavilán, Helena, Guardia, Pablo, Brescia, Rosaria, Fernandes, Soraia, Samia, Anna Cristina S, Teran, Francisco J, Pellegrino, Teresa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 28.08.2021; The Royal Society of Chemistry
• Subjects: Aqueous solutions; Biocompatibility; Chemistry; Cobalt ferrites; Crystal lattices; Heating; Hyperthermia; Hysteresis; Iron oxides; Magnetic properties; Magnetic resonance imaging; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Point spread functions; Relaxation time; Signal to noise ratio; Spinel; Synthesis; Transition metals; Zinc
• ISSN: 2040-3364; 2040-3372; 2040-3372
• DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01044a

Spinel ferrite nanocubes (NCs), consisting of pure iron oxide or mixed ferrites, are largely acknowledged for their outstanding performance in magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications while their magnetic particle imaging (MPI) properties, particularly for this peculiar shape different from the conventional spherical nanoparticles (NPs), are relatively less investigated. In this work, we report on a non-hydrolytic synthesis approach to prepare mixed transition metal ferrite NCs. A series of NCs of mixed zinc-cobalt-ferrite were prepared and their magnetic theranostic properties were compared to those of cobalt ferrite or zinc ferrite NCs of similar sizes. For each of the nanomaterials, the synthesis parameters were adjusted to obtain NCs in the size range from 8 up to 15 nm. The chemical and structural nature of the different NCs was correlated to their magnetic properties. In particular, to evaluate magnetic losses, we compared the data obtained from calorimetric measurements to the data measured by dynamic magnetic hysteresis obtained under alternating magnetic field (AMF) excitation. Cobalt-ferrite and zinc-cobalt ferrite NCs showed high specific adsorption rate (SAR) values in aqueous solutions but their heating ability was drastically suppressed once in viscous media even for NCs as small as 12 nm. On the other hand, non-stoichiometric zinc-ferrite NCs showed significant but lower SAR values than the other ferrites, but these zinc-ferrite NCs preserved almost unaltered their heating trend in viscous environments. Also, the presence of zinc in the crystal lattice of zinc-cobalt ferrite NCs showed increased contrast enhancement for MRI with the highest T 2 relaxation time and in the MPI signal with the best point spread function and signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the analogue cobalt-ferrite NC. Among the different compositions investigated, non-stoichiometric zinc-ferrite NCs can be considered the most promising material as a multifunctional theranostic platform for MHT, MPI and MRI regardless of the media viscosity in which they will be applied, while ensuring the best biocompatibility with respect to the cobalt ferrite NCs. Mixed transition metals ferrites nanocubes are here prepared. Their magnetic properties are evaluated to assess their applicability as theranostic tools for magnetic hyperthermia treatment, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic particles imaging.