Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 810 - 816
• Main Authors: Saeed, Maryam, Tapia, German, Ariansen, Inger, Stene, Lars C., Seljeflot, Ingebjørg, Tell, Grethe S., Skrivarhaug, Torild, Joner, Geir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01.03.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcium-binding protein; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Child; Childhood; Children; Cohort analysis; Cohort Studies; Coronary artery disease; Coronary Disease - epidemiology; Coronary Disease - etiology; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology; Galectin 3; Health risks; Heart diseases; Humans; Interleukin 18; Interleukin 6; Interleukin 6 receptors; Interleukins; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix metalloproteinases; Metalloproteinase; Regression analysis; Research design; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Troponin; Troponin T; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1712

To study whether serum galectin-3 and other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. A population-based nationwide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Norway at <15 years of age during 1973-1982 was examined in 2002-2003 at a mean age of 33 years (range 21-44), with mean diabetes duration of 24 years (range 19-30). Subjects were followed through 31 December 2017 for their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using nationwide registries. Stored serum samples were available for 296 subjects and analyzed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor, IL-18, hs-CRP, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), galectin-3, and high-sensitivity troponin T. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for CHD per SD increase in biomarker were estimated using Cox regression. Of 295 subjects, 40 (13.6%) had a documented CHD event during a mean follow-up of 14.4 years (range 0.5-16). IL-6 (aHR 1.32 [95% CI 1.07-1.63]), galectin-3 (aHR 1.44 [95% CI 1.09-1.80]), and TIMP-1 (aHR 1.37 [95% CI 1.04-1.81]) were significant predictors of CHD after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Galectin-3 was significantly associated with future CHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and if the results are replicated in larger studies, it may aid in prediction together with conventional risk factors for CHD.