Hydrogen Combustion: Features and Barriers to Its Exploitation in the Energy Transition

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 20; p. 7174
• Main Authors: Giacomazzi, Eugenio, Troiani, Guido, Di Nardo, Antonio, Calchetti, Giorgio, Cecere, Donato, Messina, Giuseppe, Carpenella, Simone
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2023
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Ammonia; Chemical reaction, Rate of; Coal-fired power plants; Combustion; Emissions; Energy industry; Energy resources; Energy storage; Gas turbines; hard-to-abate industry; Hydrogen; hydrogen blends; hydrogen combustion; Industrial plant emissions; Natural gas; Nuclear power plants; power generation; Raw materials; Renewable resources; Belgium; France; United Kingdom
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en16207174

The aim of this article is to review hydrogen combustion applications within the energy transition framework. Hydrogen blends are also included, from the well-known hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) to the hydrogen and ammonia blends whose chemical kinetics is still not clearly defined. Hydrogen and hydrogen blends combustion characteristics will be firstly summarized in terms of standard properties like the laminar flame speed and the adiabatic flame temperature, but also evidencing the critical role of hydrogen preferential diffusion in burning rate enhancement and the drastic reduction in radiative emission with respect to natural gas flames. Then, combustion applications in both thermo-electric power generation (based on internal combustion engines, i.e., gas turbines and piston engines) and hard-to-abate industry (requiring high-temperature kilns and furnaces) sectors will be considered, highlighting the main issues due to hydrogen addition related to safety, pollutant emissions, and potentially negative effects on industrial products (e.g., glass, cement and ceramic).