Cardiorenal Protection in Diabetic Kidney Disease

• Published in: Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul) Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 256 - 269
• Main Authors: Lee, Jason F., Berzan, Ecaterina, Sridhar, Vikas S., Odutayo, Ayodele, Cherney, David Z.I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) Korean Endocrine Society 01.04.2021; 대한내분비학회
• Subjects: cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy; chronic; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; diabetic nephropathies; Diabetic Nephropathies - drug therapy; Diabetic Nephropathies - prevention & control; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; heart failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - adverse effects; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; renal insufficiency; Review; sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - pharmacology; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use; type 2; 내과학; Heart failure; Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Diabetic nephropathies; Cardiovascular diseases; Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
• ISSN: 2093-596X; 2093-5978; 2093-5978
• DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2021.987

Over the last 5 years there have been many new developments in the management of diabetic kidney disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially used for glycemic control, but more recent studies have now shown that their benefits extend to cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. The recent addition of data on the novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) gives us another approach to further decrease the residual risk of diabetic kidney disease progression. In this review we describe the mechanism of action, key studies, and possible adverse effects related to these three classes of medications. The management of type 2 diabetes now includes an increasing number of medications for the management of comorbidities in a patient population at significant risk of cardiovascular disease and progression of chronic kidney disease. It is from this perspective that we seek to outline the rationale for the sequential and/or combined use of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RA and MRAs in patients with type 2 diabetes for heart and kidney protection.