Voltammetric and flow amperometric determination of drug guaifenesin in pharmaceutical and biological samples using screen-printed sensor with boron doped diamond electrode

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) Vol. 281; p. 126809
• Main Authors: Kelíšková, Pavlína, Matvieiev, Oleksandr, Jiroušková, Eliška, Sokolová, Romana, Janíková, Lenka, Behúl, Miroslav, Šelešovská, Renáta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2025
• Subjects: blood serum; boron; Boron - chemistry; Boron-doped diamond electrode; detection limit; Diamond - chemistry; Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; electrochemistry; Electrodes; electrolytes; flow injection analysis; Flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection; Guaifenesin; Guaifenesin - analysis; Guaifenesin - chemistry; Humans; Limit of Detection; oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Screen-printed sensor; Spectroelectrochemistry; three-dimensional printing; Voltammetry; Flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection; Voltammetry; Screen-printed sensor; Boron-doped diamond electrode; Spectroelectrochemistry; Guaifenesin
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126809

New voltammetric and flow amperometric methods for the determination of guaifenesin (GFE) using a perspective screen-printed sensor (SPE) with boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) were developed. The electrochemical oxidation of GFE was studied on the surface of the oxygen-terminated BDDE of the sensor. The GFE provided two irreversible anodic signals at a potential of 1.0 and 1.1 V (vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl sat.) in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 2), which was chosen as the supporting electrolyte for all measurements. First, a voltammetric method based on differential pulse voltammetry was developed and a low detection limit (LOD = 41 nmol L−1), a wide linear dynamic range (LDR = 0.1–155 μmol L−1), and a good recovery in the analysis of model and pharmaceutical samples (RSD <3.0 %) were obtained. In addition, this sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of biological samples (RSD <3.2 %), where the analysis took place in a drop of serum (50 μL) without pretreatment and additional electrolyte. Subsequently, SP/BDDE was incorporated into a flow-through 3D printed electrochemical cell and a flow injection analysis method with electrochemical detection (FIA-ED) was developed, resulting in excellent analytical parameters (LOD = 86 nmol L−1, LDR = 0.1–50 μmol L−1). Moreover, the mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of GFE was proposed based on calculations of HOMO spatial distribution and spectroelectrochemical measurements focused on IR identification of intermediates and products. [Display omitted] •Unique simple electrochemical sensor for guaifenesin (GFE) determination.•Analytical approach with excellent LOD for GFE analysis at nanomolar levels.•Mechanism proposal for the electrochemical oxidation of GFE.•Serum analysis without sample pretreatment and no need of electrolyte.•Flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection.