Significance of frailty for predicting adverse clinical outcomes in different patient groups with specific medical conditions

• Published in: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie Vol. 49; no. 7; pp. 567 - 572
• Main Authors: Ritt, Martin, Gaßmann, Karl-Günter, Sieber, Cornel Christian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Munich Springer Medizin 01.10.2016
• Subjects: Accidental Falls - mortality; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Beiträge zum Themenschwerpunkt; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality; Chronic Disease - mortality; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications - mortality; Female; Frail Elderly - statistics & numerical data; Geriatrics/Gerontology; Humans; Internal Medicine; Lung Neoplasms - mortality; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Prognosis; Risk Assessment - methods; Social Sciences; Survival Rate; Wounds and Injuries - mortality; Klinisch; Phenotype; Komorbidität; Frail elderly; Comorbidities; Mortality; Gebrechliche ältere Patienten; Phänotyp; Clinical frailty scale; Mortalität
• ISSN: 0948-6704; 1435-1269; 1435-1269
• DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1128-8

Frailty is a major health burden in an aging society. It constitutes a clinical state of reduced physiological reserves that is associated with a diminished ability to withstand internal and external stressors. Frail patients have an increased risk for adverse clinical outcomes, such as mortality, readmission to hospital, institutionalization and falls. Of further clinical interest, frailty might be at least in part reversible in some patients and subject to preventive strategies. In daily clinical practice older patients with a complex health status, who are mostly frail or at least at risk of developing frailty, are frequently cared for by geriatricians. Recently, clinicians and scientists from other medical disciplines, such as cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology, rheumatology, surgery and critical care medicine also discovered frailty to be an interesting instrument for risk stratification of patients, including younger patients. In this review we highlight the results of recent studies that demonstrated the significance of frailty to predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with specific medical conditions, such as cardiac, lung, liver and kidney diseases as well as diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, trauma patients, patients undergoing surgery and critically ill patients. Multiple studies in patients with the aforementioned specific medical conditions could be identified demonstrating a predictive role of frailty for several adverse clinical outcomes. The association between frailty and adverse clinical outcomes reported in these studies was in part independent of several major potential confounder factors, such as age, sex, race, comorbidities and disabilities and were also detected in younger patients.