Bulk-surface event discrimination in point contact germanium detectors at near-threshold energies with shape-matching pulse-shape methods

• Published in: The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields Vol. 85; no. 3; pp. 331 - 13
• Main Authors: Wang, Jia-Shian, Singh, Manoj Kumar, Li, Hau-Bin, Wong, Henry T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 22.03.2025; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Astronomy; Astrophysics and Cosmology; Cross correlation; Dark matter; Detectors; Electrodes; Elementary Particles; Energy; Energy resolution; Germanium; Hadrons; Heavy Ions; Low pass filters; Matching; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Neutrinos; Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Physics; Parameter estimation; Performance evaluation; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Point contact; Pulse generators; Pulse shape; Quantum Field Theories; Quantum Field Theory; Regular Article - Experimental Physics; Sensors; String Theory
• ISSN: 1434-6052; 1434-6044; 1434-6052
• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14051-x

The p-type point-contact germanium  ( p PCGe) detectors have been widely adopted in searches for low energy physics events such as neutrinos and dark matter. This is due to their enhanced capabilities of background rejection, sensitivity at energies as low as the sub-keV range and particularly fine energy resolution. Nonetheless, the p PCGe is subject to irregular behaviour caused by surface effects for events near the passivated surface. These surface events can, in general, be distinguished from events that occur in the germanium crystal bulk by its slower pulse rise time. Unfortunately, the rise-time spectra of bulk and surface events starts to convolve with each other at sub-keV energies. In this work, we propose a novel method based on cross-correlation shape-matching combined with a low-pass filter to constrain the initial parameter estimates of the signal pulse. This improvement at the lowest level leads to a 50% reduction in computation time and refinements in the rise-time resolution, which will, in the end, enhance the overall analysis. To evaluate the performance of the method, we simulate artificial pulses that resembles bulk and surface pulses by using a programmable pulse generator module (pulser). The pulser-generated pulses are then used to examine the pulse behaviours at near-threshold energies, suggesting a roughly 70% background-leakage reduction in the bulk spectrum. Finally, the method is tested on data collected from the TEXONO experiment, where the results are consistent with our observations in pulser and demonstrated the possibility of lowering the analysis threshold by at least 10 eV ee .