High-dose dexamethasone in low pain responders undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomised double-blind trial

• Published in: British journal of anaesthesia : BJA Vol. 130; no. 3; pp. 322 - 330
• Main Authors: Nielsen, Niklas I., Kehlet, Henrik, Gromov, Kirill, Troelsen, Anders, Husted, Henrik, Varnum, Claus, Kjærsgaard-Andersen, Per, Rasmussen, Lasse E., Pleckaitiene, Lina, Foss, Nicolai B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2023
• Subjects: anaesthesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Antiemetics - therapeutic use; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - adverse effects; C-Reactive Protein; dexamethasone; Dexamethasone - therapeutic use; Double-Blind Method; fast-track surgery; Humans; multimodal analgesia; Pain, Postoperative - diagnosis; Pain, Postoperative - drug therapy; Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control; perioperative medicine; postoperative pain; total knee arthroplasty; dexamethasone; fast-track surgery; total knee arthroplasty; multimodal analgesia; perioperative medicine; postoperative pain; anaesthesia
• ISSN: 0007-0912; 1471-6771; 1471-6771
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.10.038

Postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a continuing problem despite optimised multimodal analgesia. Previous studies have shown preoperative glucocorticoids to reduce postoperative pain, but knowledge about specific doses and effects in specific patient groups is lacking. A two-centre, double-blind, two-arm study comparing preoperative dexamethasone (1 mg kg−1vs 0.3 mg kg−1 i.v.) on postoperative pain in 160 planned TKA subjects with low preoperative pain catastrophising and no opioid use. Subjects received multimodal analgesia with paracetamol, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, local anaesthetic infiltration analgesia, and rescue opioids. The primary outcome was percentage of subjects experiencing moderate to severe pain (visual analogue scale >30 mm) upon ambulation at 24 h. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, postoperative inflammation (C-reactive protein), opioid and antiemetics use, and ‘Quality of Recovery-15’ and ‘Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale’, length of stay, readmissions, and complications up to Day 90. A total of 157 subjects (80 vs 77) were included. No difference was found between groups in the incidence of subjects experiencing visual analogue scale >30 on ambulation 24 h after surgery (56% vs 53%, relative risk =1.07, confidence interval: 0.8–1.4, P=0.65). No differences in other pain outcomes or use of rescue opioids and antiemetics, in Quality of Recovery-15 and Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale, length of stay, readmissions, or complications. C-reactive protein values were comparable at 24 h (13 [6–25] mg L−1vs 16 [9–38] mg L−1, P = 0.07), but lower at 48 h (26 [9–52] mg L−1vs 50 [30–72] mg L−1, P<0.01) in the high-dose group. Use of 1 mg kg−1vs 0.3 mg kg−1 i.v. dexamethasone in low pain responders after TKA did not improve early postoperative pain or other outcomes in contrast to benefits in a high pain responder population. NCT03758170 (first registration 29-11-2018).