Salivary IL-1β and red complex bacteria as predictors of the inflammatory status in sub-peri-implant niches of subjects with peri-implant mucositis

• Published in: Clinical oral implants research Vol. 27; no. 6; pp. 662 - 667
• Main Authors: Acharya, Aneesha, Koh, Mei Leng, Kheur, Supriya, Watt, Rory. M., Jin, Lijian, Mattheos, Nikos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2016
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Biofilms; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - chemistry; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - microbiology; Humans; Interleukin-1beta - analysis; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Male; Microbial Consortia; Middle Aged; peri-implant mucositis; Peri-Implantitis - metabolism; Peri-Implantitis - microbiology; periodontitis; Periodontitis - complications; Periodontitis - microbiology; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; risk indicator; Saliva - chemistry; Saliva - microbiology; salivary biomarkers; Treponema - isolation & purification; Treponema denticola - isolation & purification; peri-implant mucositis; salivary biomarkers; risk indicator; periodontitis
• ISSN: 0905-7161; 1600-0501; 1600-0501
• DOI: 10.1111/clr.12713

Background and Objectives Salivary biomarkers may enhance diagnostic sensitivity for peri‐implant disease assessment. This study aimed to investigate the association of salivary periodontopathogen count and salivary interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) level with the peri‐implant crevicular fluid IL‐1β response at peri‐implant mucositis (PM) sites among subjects with differing periodontal disease susceptibility. Materials and methods Eighty‐seven partially edentulous subjects having at least one implant with peri‐implant mucositis were included: 40 with history of chronic periodontitis (P) and 47 with no history of periodontitis (NP). Salivary IL‐1β, peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) IL‐1β, and salivary red complex pathogen counts were recorded. Subjects were scored according to a threshold salivary pathogen level of more than 5log (10) counts and assigned a “red complex score.” Quartiles of salivary and PICF IL‐1β levels were also scored. Area under receiver operating curve (AUC) was computed to predict the highest PICF IL‐1β score using salivary biomarker as predictors and age‐adjusted logistic regression performed for the significant predictors. Results In the NP group, red complex score (AUC = 0.758 P = 0.010) (odds ratio = 1.377) and salivary IL‐1β (AUC = 0.708 P = 0.038) (odds ratio = 2.506) were significant predictors of highest PICF IL‐1β quartile score. In the P group, no significant associations were noted. Conclusions Salivary biomarkers could distinguish the “high” pro‐inflammatory responders at PM sites only in subjects without inherent periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal susceptibility may impact the immuno‐inflammatory response in sub‐peri‐implant niches of those with peri‐implant mucositis.