Physician Behavior under Prospective Payment Schemes—Evidence from Artefactual Field and Lab Experiments

Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit. In this paper, we extend the experimental analysis of the physician decision problem by adding a third party which represents the health insu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 15; p. 5540
Main Authors Reif, Simon, Hafner, Lucas, Seebauer, Michael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 31.07.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI10.3390/ijerph17155540

Cover

Abstract Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit. In this paper, we extend the experimental analysis of the physician decision problem by adding a third party which represents the health insurance that finances medical service provision under a prospective payment scheme. Our results show that physicians take into account the payoffs of the third party, which can lead to underprovision of medical care. We conduct a laboratory experiment in neutral as well as in medical framing using students and medical doctors as subjects. Subjects in the medically framed experiments behave weakly and are more patient orientated in contrast to neutral framing. A sample of medical doctors exhibits comparable behavior to students with medical framing.
AbstractList Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit. In this paper, we extend the experimental analysis of the physician decision problem by adding a third party which represents the health insurance that finances medical service provision under a prospective payment scheme. Our results show that physicians take into account the payoffs of the third party, which can lead to underprovision of medical care. We conduct a laboratory experiment in neutral as well as in medical framing using students and medical doctors as subjects. Subjects in the medically framed experiments behave weakly and are more patient orientated in contrast to neutral framing. A sample of medical doctors exhibits comparable behavior to students with medical framing.
Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit. In this paper, we extend the experimental analysis of the physician decision problem by adding a third party which represents the health insurance that finances medical service provision under a prospective payment scheme. Our results show that physicians take into account the payoffs of the third party, which can lead to underprovision of medical care. We conduct a laboratory experiment in neutral as well as in medical framing using students and medical doctors as subjects. Subjects in the medically framed experiments behave weakly and are more patient orientated in contrast to neutral framing. A sample of medical doctors exhibits comparable behavior to students with medical framing.Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit. In this paper, we extend the experimental analysis of the physician decision problem by adding a third party which represents the health insurance that finances medical service provision under a prospective payment scheme. Our results show that physicians take into account the payoffs of the third party, which can lead to underprovision of medical care. We conduct a laboratory experiment in neutral as well as in medical framing using students and medical doctors as subjects. Subjects in the medically framed experiments behave weakly and are more patient orientated in contrast to neutral framing. A sample of medical doctors exhibits comparable behavior to students with medical framing.
Author Reif, Simon
Seebauer, Michael
Hafner, Lucas
AuthorAffiliation 2 RWI—Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Hohenzollernstr. 1-3, 45128 Essen, Germany
1 Department of Economics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Findelgasse 7, 90402 Nürnberg, Germany; lucas.hafner@fau.de (L.H.); michael.seebauer@fau.de (M.S.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Economics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Findelgasse 7, 90402 Nürnberg, Germany; lucas.hafner@fau.de (L.H.); michael.seebauer@fau.de (M.S.)
– name: 2 RWI—Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Hohenzollernstr. 1-3, 45128 Essen, Germany
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Simon
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6842-289X
  surname: Reif
  fullname: Reif, Simon
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Lucas
  surname: Hafner
  fullname: Hafner, Lucas
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Seebauer
  fullname: Seebauer, Michael
BookMark eNqFkU2LFDEQhoOsuB969Rzw4mV2k076IxdhXWZVGHBAPYfqpNrO0J20Sffo3PZH7C_0l9jjLOwHiKcK1Pu8VfXmlBz54JGQ15ydC6HYhdtgHFpe8jzPJXtGTnhRsIUsGD968D4mpyltGBOVLNQLciyyMueVUCdks253yRkHnr7HFrYuRDp5i5GuY0gDmtFtka5h16Mf6RfTYo_p983tcusseoO0iaGnl3HEBsw4QUevHXaWgrd0BTVd_howuj2cXpLnDXQJX93VM_Ltevn16uNi9fnDp6vL1cIIlY8LwEbWNpMlz2RWlXVlDFcqk5ZDIwzYrBC1FVzxgnOsc5E3SjVVYUCUDeNzOSMXB9_JD7D7CV2nh3kFiDvNmd6nph-nNhPvDsQw1T1aM28b4Z4K4PTjjnet_h62upQiq2Q5G7y9M4jhx4Rp1L1LBrsOPIYp6UwKVshKqmqWvnki3YQp-jmQvyrJqrzYG8qDysy_kCI22rgRRhf2813370POn2D_ufwPsVa11A
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_021_06231_8
crossref_primary_10_1515_bejeap_2022_0419
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3973659
crossref_primary_10_1002_hec_4689
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhealeco_2023_102808
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthpol_2025_105302
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13561_020_00299_4
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_18411_2
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17228320
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhealeco_2022_102716
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socec_2022_101973
crossref_primary_10_1177_10775587241233614
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_023_10408_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthpol_2021_12_007
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3971750
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10198_023_01662_y
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10754_024_09366_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chieco_2024_102298
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10754_025_09390_x
crossref_primary_10_1002_hec_4192
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_022_08218_5
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3965318
crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4168743
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhealeco_2024_102862
Cites_doi 10.1007/s10683-006-5385-z
10.3982/QE365
10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80168-7
10.1007/s10683-006-9159-4
10.1016/j.jebo.2016.06.009
10.1257/jel.50.3.645
10.2139/ssrn.2504562
10.1257/000282805775014236
10.1007/s11238-019-09714-7
10.1017/S1930297500004204
10.1001/jama.2013.8278
10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00006-2
10.1257/aer.20160349
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.09.007
10.2307/2951696
10.1257/jep.25.4.191
10.2139/ssrn.3579710
10.2139/ssrn.3467583
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.002
10.1080/00036846.2013.854305
10.1257/0002828042002741
10.1162/003355302760193904
10.1016/j.jebo.2015.04.011
10.1016/j.jebo.2014.05.009
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.01.007
10.1257/0022051043004577
10.1007/s10683-011-9272-x
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.08.008
10.2139/ssrn.2278866
10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103411
10.1007/s40881-015-0004-4
10.1002/hec.3842
10.1007/s10683-011-9283-7
10.1016/0168-8510(88)90029-2
10.1002/hec.3292
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.005
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.06.002
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.09.012
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.08.009
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.001
10.1093/eurpub/13.1.18
10.2139/ssrn.2278863
10.1016/0167-6296(86)90002-0
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.05.007
10.1186/2191-1991-2-1
10.1002/hec.3875
10.1111/jeea.12152
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.06.001
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2020 by the authors. 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2020 by the authors. 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7X7
7XB
88E
8C1
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
M1P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOI 10.3390/ijerph17155540
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Public Health Database
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest)
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database

MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Public Health
EISSN 1660-4601
ExternalDocumentID 10.3390/ijerph17155540
PMC7432847
10_3390_ijerph17155540
GroupedDBID ---
29J
2WC
53G
5GY
5VS
7X7
7XC
88E
8C1
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8R4
8R5
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABGAM
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGOD
ACIWK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AFRAH
AFZYC
AHMBA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBD
EBS
EJD
EMB
EMOBN
ESTFP
F5P
FYUFA
GX1
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
KQ8
L6V
M1P
M48
MODMG
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
Q2X
RNS
RPM
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
XSB
3V.
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ADRAZ
ADTOC
C1A
IPNFZ
RIG
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-aef4bd247124287b8cc19924d1af3cad263bd3191611eb535f99f86ca37f01ca3
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1660-4601
1661-7827
IngestDate Sun Oct 26 04:11:35 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 30 16:49:12 EDT 2025
Fri Sep 05 12:45:19 EDT 2025
Mon Oct 20 02:42:31 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:01:51 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 16 04:43:25 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 15
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c395t-aef4bd247124287b8cc19924d1af3cad263bd3191611eb535f99f86ca37f01ca3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-6842-289X
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3390/ijerph17155540
PMID 32751839
PQID 2430408567
PQPubID 54923
ParticipantIDs unpaywall_primary_10_3390_ijerph17155540
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7432847
proquest_miscellaneous_2430648498
proquest_journals_2430408567
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_ijerph17155540
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph17155540
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20200731
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-07-31
PublicationDate_xml – month: 7
  year: 2020
  text: 20200731
  day: 31
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle International journal of environmental research and public health
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Davis (ref_22) 1988; 9
Abbink (ref_37) 2006; 9
ref_12
ref_10
Lagarde (ref_34) 2017; 179
Andreoni (ref_19) 2007; 91
Reif (ref_29) 2018; 59
ref_51
Wiesen (ref_35) 2016; 131
Chalkley (ref_5) 2018; 58
Kimbrough (ref_40) 2016; 14
Wagstaff (ref_23) 2010; 29
Kairies (ref_13) 2017; 26
Arrow (ref_1) 1963; 53
Ahlert (ref_39) 2012; 2
Ellis (ref_48) 1986; 5
Selten (ref_7) 2011; 30
(ref_27) 2015; 43
ref_21
Chandra (ref_3) 2012; 2
Dafny (ref_25) 2005; 95
Oxholm (ref_14) 2019; 28
Charness (ref_31) 2002; 117
Harrison (ref_42) 2004; 42
Greiner (ref_50) 2015; 1
Silverman (ref_26) 2004; 23
Hassell (ref_16) 2003; 13
Green (ref_11) 2014; 106
Godager (ref_8) 2013; 32
Fang (ref_28) 2017; 107
Schumacher (ref_20) 2017; 84
ref_36
Huck (ref_45) 2016; 131
Brandts (ref_44) 2011; 14
Pedersen (ref_18) 2014; 46
Engelmann (ref_32) 2004; 94
Brekke (ref_6) 2017; 155
Tilburt (ref_17) 2013; 310
Coey (ref_4) 2015; 6
Martinsson (ref_46) 2019; 87
Cutler (ref_24) 1995; 63
McGuire (ref_2) 2000; 1
Gneezy (ref_38) 2011; 25
Murphy (ref_52) 2011; 6
Wiesen (ref_30) 2019; 28
ref_47
Engel (ref_33) 2011; 14
Fischbacher (ref_49) 2007; 10
Kesternich (ref_41) 2015; 131
Chandra (ref_15) 2012; 50
Wang (ref_43) 2020; 125
ref_9
References_xml – volume: 9
  start-page: 103
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Neutral versus loaded instructions in a bribery experiment
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-006-5385-z
– volume: 6
  start-page: 703
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Physicians’ financial incentives and treatment choices in heart attack management
  publication-title: Quant. Econ.
  doi: 10.3982/QE365
– volume: 1
  start-page: 461
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Physician agency
  publication-title: Handb. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80168-7
– ident: ref_51
– volume: 10
  start-page: 171
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: z-Tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-006-9159-4
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1346
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: One, Two, Many–Insensitivity to Group Size in Games with Concentrated Benefits and Dispersed Costs
  publication-title: Rev. Econ. Stud.
– volume: 131
  start-page: 78
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Medical insurance and free choice of physician shape patient overtreatment: A laboratory experiment
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2016.06.009
– volume: 50
  start-page: 645
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Technology growth and expenditure growth in health care
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
  doi: 10.1257/jel.50.3.645
– ident: ref_10
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2504562
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1525
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: How Do Hospitals Respond to Price Changes?
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/000282805775014236
– volume: 87
  start-page: 365
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Physician behavior and conditional altruism: The effects of payment system and uncertain health benefit
  publication-title: Theory Decis.
  doi: 10.1007/s11238-019-09714-7
– volume: 6
  start-page: 771
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: Measuring Social Value Orientation
  publication-title: Judgm. Decis. Mak.
  doi: 10.1017/S1930297500004204
– volume: 310
  start-page: 380
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Views of US physicians about controlling health care costs
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.8278
– volume: 2
  start-page: 397
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Who ordered that? The economics of treatment choices in medical care
  publication-title: Handb. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00006-2
– volume: 107
  start-page: 562
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/aer.20160349
– volume: 23
  start-page: 369
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Medicare upcoding and hospital ownership
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.09.007
– volume: 63
  start-page: 29
  year: 1995
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: The incidence of adverse medical outcomes under prospective payments
  publication-title: Econometrica
  doi: 10.2307/2951696
– volume: 53
  start-page: 941
  year: 1963
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 191
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: When and why incentives (don’t) work to modify behavior
  publication-title: J. Econ. Perspect.
  doi: 10.1257/jep.25.4.191
– ident: ref_47
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3579710
– ident: ref_12
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3467583
– volume: 179
  start-page: 147
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Physicians’ responses to financial and social incentives: A medically framed real effort experiment
  publication-title: Soc. Sci. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.002
– volume: 46
  start-page: 750
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: GPs’ shifting agencies in choice of treatment
  publication-title: Appl. Econ.
  doi: 10.1080/00036846.2013.854305
– volume: 94
  start-page: 857
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Inequality aversion, efficiency, and maximin preferences in simple distribution experiments
  publication-title: Am. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1257/0002828042002741
– volume: 117
  start-page: 817
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Understanding social preferences with simple tests
  publication-title: Q. J. Econ.
  doi: 10.1162/003355302760193904
– volume: 131
  start-page: 17
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Using artefactual field and lab experiments to investigate how fee-for-service and capitation affect medical service provision
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.04.011
– volume: 106
  start-page: 367
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Payment systems in the healthcare industry: An experimental study of physician incentives
  publication-title: J. Econ. Behav. Organ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.05.009
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Is it good to be too light? Birth weight thresholds in hospital reimbursement systems
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.01.007
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1009
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Field experiments
  publication-title: J. Econ. Lit.
  doi: 10.1257/0022051043004577
– volume: 14
  start-page: 375
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: The strategy versus the direct-response method: A first survey of experimental comparisons
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-011-9272-x
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1105
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Profit or patient’s health benefit? Exploring the heterogeneity in physician altruism
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.08.008
– ident: ref_36
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2278866
– volume: 125
  start-page: 103411
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Are patient-regarding preferences stable? Evidence from a laboratory experiment with physicians and medical students from different countries
  publication-title: Eur. Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103411
– volume: 1
  start-page: 114
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: Subject pool recruitment procedures: Organizing experiments with ORSEE
  publication-title: J. Econ. Sci. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1007/s40881-015-0004-4
– volume: 28
  start-page: 319
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: Dishonesty in health care practice: A behavioral experiment on upcoding in neonatology
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/hec.3842
– volume: 14
  start-page: 583
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Dictator games: A meta study
  publication-title: Exp. Econ.
  doi: 10.1007/s10683-011-9283-7
– volume: 9
  start-page: 117
  year: 1988
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: The impact of DRGs on the cost and quality of health care in the United States
  publication-title: Health Policy
  doi: 10.1016/0168-8510(88)90029-2
– volume: 26
  start-page: 243
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: The Effects of Introducing Mixed Payment Systems for Physicians: Experimental Evidence
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/hec.3292
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: First do no harm—The impact of financial incentives on dental X-rays
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.005
– ident: ref_21
– volume: 91
  start-page: 1731
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Giving gifts to groups: How altruism depends on the number of recipients
  publication-title: J. Public Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.06.002
– volume: 155
  start-page: 74
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Do treatment decisions depend on physicians’ financial incentives?
  publication-title: J. Public Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.09.012
– volume: 131
  start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Professional norms and physician behavior: Homo oeconomicus or homo hippocraticus?
  publication-title: J. Public Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2015.08.009
– volume: 30
  start-page: 637
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: How payment systems affect physicians’ provision behaviour—An experimental investigation
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.001
– volume: 13
  start-page: 18
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Cost to the patient or cost to the healthcare system? Which one matters the most for GP prescribing decisions?
  publication-title: Eur. J. Public Health
  doi: 10.1093/eurpub/13.1.18
– ident: ref_9
  doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2278863
– volume: 5
  start-page: 129
  year: 1986
  ident: ref_48
  article-title: Provider behavior under prospective reimbursement: Cost sharing and supply
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/0167-6296(86)90002-0
– volume: 29
  start-page: 585
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: System-wide impacts of hospital payment reforms: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.05.007
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Which patients do I treat? An experimental study with economists and physicians
  publication-title: Health Econ. Rev.
  doi: 10.1186/2191-1991-2-1
– volume: 28
  start-page: 717
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Testing the myth of fee-for-service and overprovision in health care
  publication-title: Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1002/hec.3875
– volume: 14
  start-page: 608
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Norms make preferences social
  publication-title: J. Eur. Econ. Assoc.
  doi: 10.1111/jeea.12152
– volume: 43
  start-page: 13
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: What explains DRG upcoding in neonatology? The roles of financial incentives and infant health
  publication-title: J. Health Econ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.06.001
SSID ssj0038469
Score 2.3781908
Snippet Recent experimental studies analyze the behavior of physicians towards patients and find that physicians care for their own profit as well as patient benefit....
SourceID unpaywall
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 5540
SubjectTerms Behavior
Dictators
Experiments
Health care
Influence
Laboratories
Medical research
Patients
Physicians
Students
Third party
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3da9RAEB_q9UFBSv3C2FZWEPQl9Da7STYPIip3FNHjUAt9C_sV2nLmzvtA-uYf4V_oX-JMkk17gvqUh12ym8zszPxm5wPguXTDilcW0Yn0CFCUEnFhijROfVEZmWlhNOUOf5xkJ6fy_Vl6tgOTkAtDYZVBJjaC2s0t-ciPE4nAG-2DLH-9-BZT1yi6XQ0tNHTXWsG9akqM3YLdhCpjDWD37Wgy_RRks0BtSwYxR60Uo27M2zKOAoH_8cWlxy_jOb6gcYXcVFPXtuefkZO3N_VCX33Xs9kNtTTeh73OnmRvWga4Bzu-vg93W2cca3OMHsDlNPgvWFcPcckoeWzJpst5yLVkU31FrkL2Gen41a9-_fgZWo4ySkKhNTzlQWxwvTEFvjFdO_ZBGzbq2wSsHsLpePTl3UncNVmIrSjSdax9JY1LUEclhJ6MspYiUqXjuhJWuyQTxuE5RcuQe5OKtCqKSmVWi7wacnw8gkE9r_1jYDwxQ5EXKAOUlEJptIi5soiXNLdeCxdBHP5pabsK5NQIY1YiEiEalNs0iOBFP3_R1t7468zDQKKyO4Or8ppjInjWD-PpoSsRXfv5pp2TSSULFUG-Rdp-Raq_vT1SX5w3dbjR-CLlHsHLngn-s88n_97nAdxJCM43ruNDGKyXG3-ENs_aPO0Y-Tci7gTn
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3da9RAEB_0-qAg1k-MtrKCoC9pstnN15OU0qOIlgM9qE9hd7NLr5654-6i1Cf_CP9C_xJnLh-9K4iCT0nYCZtlZ3bmN5kPgJeyDB13BtGJtAhQskz4uc5jP7a50zJRQivKHX5_mpyM5duz-Gwji5_CKhGKT9aHNE-S0JcIGQKeBjwOUPWFwbx0b762viTUxZSoiWx7E3YSfAgHsDM-HR1-IpzVvd3ccx-VYdrUbRSI9IPJhcWl8BQ16tr3samXrozN66GSt-pqri6_qel0Qw8Nd0F1K2jCTz4f1Ct9YL5fK-74P0u8B3dbI5UdNlx1H27Y6gHcaTx8rElceggXo84pwtoiiwtGGWkLNlrMugRONlKX5H9kH5A5vtjlrx8_uz6mjDJbaA5LyRU1zjekaDqmqpK9U5od970Hlo9gPDz-eHTit50bfCPyeOUr66QuI1R8EUEynRlDYa6y5MoJo8ooEbpE4Udzk1sdi9jlucsSo0TqQo6XxzCoZpV9AoxHOhRpjgdLJqXIFJrZPDMIwhQ3VonSA7_bt8K0Zc2pu8a0QHhD-1xs77MHr3r6eVPQ44-Uex0bFK1gL4tIipCKwiWpBy_6YRRJ-s-iKjurG5pEZjLPPEi32KefkYp6b49Uk_N1cW-06Mhi8OB1z2h_-c6n_076DG5H5C9Y-6b3YLBa1HYfjaqVft7KzW8dTB5_
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title Physician Behavior under Prospective Payment Schemes—Evidence from Artefactual Field and Lab Experiments
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2430408567
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2430648498
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7432847
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/15/5540/pdf?version=1596421070
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 17
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVFSB
  databaseName: Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: HH5
  dateStart: 20040101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://abc-chemistry.org/
  providerName: ABC ChemistRy
– providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20050101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20040101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVEBS
  databaseName: EBSCOhost Food Science Source
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: A8Z
  dateStart: 20081201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&profile=ehost&defaultdb=fsr
  providerName: EBSCOhost
– providerCode: PRVBFR
  databaseName: Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: DIK
  dateStart: 20040101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
  providerName: Flying Publisher
– providerCode: PRVFQY
  databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: GX1
  dateStart: 20040101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
  providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
– providerCode: PRVAQN
  databaseName: PubMed Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: RPM
  dateStart: 20050101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: 8FG
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Public Health Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: 8C1
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVFZP
  databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1660-4601
  dateEnd: 20250731
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0038469
  issn: 1661-7827
  databaseCode: M48
  dateStart: 20050501
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info
  providerName: Scholars Portal
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3di9QwEB-8uwcFET-56rlEEPSl2jRpmz6InMeuh3hLURfWp5KkKd6xds_uLrpv_hH-hf4lzmw_zpUTfUkpSUmayTDzm8wHwGNZBCUvLaIT6RCgKCX81KSRH7m0NDLWwmiKHT4Zx8cT-WYaTS_8n9oNXFwK7aie1KSePfv2Zf0SGf4FIU6E7M9PzxyuiScoGlH_2IE9lFIplXE4kf2NgkA5S6owj-PAl4hCmgSOl3y_LaAutM4_fSavrqpzvf6qZ7PfBNLoJtxoNUl22JD-Flxx1W243pjhWBNddAfOss5ywdpMiDWjsLGaZfW8i7JkmV6TkZC9Rwp-douf3390xUYZhZ_QHI4iIFY434hc3piuCvZWGzbsCwQs7sJkNPxwdOy35RV8K9Jo6WtXSlOEKJ1Cwk1GWUu-qLLguhRWF2EsTIEcijohdyYSUZmmpYqtFkkZcHzcg91qXrl9YDw0gUhS5H4lpVAadWGuLCIlza3TovDA7_Y0t23ucSqBMcsRgxAN8m0aePCkH3_eZN3468iDjkR5d3jyUIqAMrfFiQeP-m7kG7oM0ZWbr5oxsVQyVR4kW6TtZ6TM29s91emnTQZuVLtIrHvwtD8E_1jn_f_-owdwLSRMv7EfH8Dusl65h6j4LM0AdpJpgq064tSOXg9g79VwnL0bbM46vk3G2eHHXyW3Cz4
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VcigSQjxFSgEjgeASNY6dhw8IIehqS7fVSrTS3oLtOKLVkt3uQ9Xe-BH8Dn4Uv4SZvNpFAk495WArtjzjmW_G8wB4KfOg4IVF60Q6NFDSVPjKqMiPnCqMjLUwmnKHD4_i_on8NIpGG_CzzYWhsMpWJlaCOp9Y8pHvhhINb8QHcfJueu5T1yh6XW1baNRsceBWF2iyzd_uf0T6vgrD3t7xh77fdBXwrVDRwteukCYPUSiHZC6Y1FoKwZQ514WwOg9jYXJkTIRC3JlIRIVSRRpbLZIi4PjB_96Am7idgDomJKPOwBOoywluc9R5PmrepC4SKYQKdk_PHJ4bT1B9V46Wq0rwEtn-GZe5tSynenWhx-MrSq93F-40aJW9r9nrHmy48j7crl19rM5gegBnw9Y7wppqizNGqWkzNpxN2kxONtQrckSyz8gl39z81_cfbUNTRikutIajLIslrtejsDqmy5wNtGF7XROC-UM4uZbDfgSb5aR0j4Hx0AQiUShhUilFqhFv89SiNaa5dVrkHvjtmWa2qW9ObTbGGdo5RINsnQYevO7mT-vKHn-dudOSKGtu-Dy75EcPXnTDeDfpwUWXbrKs58QylSr1IFkjbbciVfdeHylPv1ZVvhHaEXTw4E3HBP_Z5_a_9_kctvrHh4NssH908ARuheQ4qJzUO7C5mC3dU0RXC_OsYmkGX677Dv0GHug7Ug
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VIgESQrwqAgWMBIJLtOvYSZwDQoh21dJSrQSV9hZsxxatluyyD1V740fwa_g5_BJm8moXCTj1lIMtO_LMeL4ZzwPguSz6nnuL1ol0aKAoJcLMZHEYu8wbmWhhNOUOfzhK9o7l-1E82oCfbS4MhVW2d2J1URcTSz7yXiTR8EZ8kKQ934RFDHcGb6bfQuogRS-tbTuNmkUO3OoMzbf56_0dpPWLKBrsfnq3FzYdBkIrsngRauelKSK8oCMyHYyylsIxZcG1F1YXUSJMgUyKsIg7E4vYZ5lXidUi9X2OH1z3ClxNBa6GspSOOmNPoF4n6M1R_4WohdO6YCRO7PdOTh2eIU9RlVdOl4sK8Rzl_hmjeX1ZTvXqTI_HFxTg4DbcapAre1uz2h3YcOVduFm7_VidzXQPToetp4Q1lRdnjNLUZmw4m7RZnWyoV-SUZB-RY766-a_vP9rmpozSXWgPRxkXS9xvQCF2TJcFO9SG7XYNCeb34fhSDnsLNstJ6R4A45HpizTD20ZJKZRG7M2VRctMc-u0KAII2zPNbVPrnFpujHO0eYgG-ToNAnjZzZ_WVT7-OnO7JVHeSPs8P-fNAJ51wyin9PiiSzdZ1nMSqWSmAkjXSNvtSJW-10fKky9VxW-EeQQjAnjVMcF__vPhv__zKVxD6ckP948OHsGNiHwIlb96GzYXs6V7jEBrYZ5UHM3g82WL0G-sST-V
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3da9RAEB_0-qAg1k-MtrKCoC9pstnN15OU0qOIlgM9qE9hd7NLr5654-6i1Cf_CP9C_xJnLh-9K4iCT0nYCZtlZ3bmN5kPgJeyDB13BtGJtAhQskz4uc5jP7a50zJRQivKHX5_mpyM5duz-Gwji5_CKhGKT9aHNE-S0JcIGQKeBjwOUPWFwbx0b762viTUxZSoiWx7E3YSfAgHsDM-HR1-IpzVvd3ccx-VYdrUbRSI9IPJhcWl8BQ16tr3samXrozN66GSt-pqri6_qel0Qw8Nd0F1K2jCTz4f1Ct9YL5fK-74P0u8B3dbI5UdNlx1H27Y6gHcaTx8rElceggXo84pwtoiiwtGGWkLNlrMugRONlKX5H9kH5A5vtjlrx8_uz6mjDJbaA5LyRU1zjekaDqmqpK9U5od970Hlo9gPDz-eHTit50bfCPyeOUr66QuI1R8EUEynRlDYa6y5MoJo8ooEbpE4Udzk1sdi9jlucsSo0TqQo6XxzCoZpV9AoxHOhRpjgdLJqXIFJrZPDMIwhQ3VonSA7_bt8K0Zc2pu8a0QHhD-1xs77MHr3r6eVPQ44-Uex0bFK1gL4tIipCKwiWpBy_6YRRJ-s-iKjurG5pEZjLPPEi32KefkYp6b49Uk_N1cW-06Mhi8OB1z2h_-c6n_076DG5H5C9Y-6b3YLBa1HYfjaqVft7KzW8dTB5_
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Physician+Behavior+under+Prospective+Payment+Schemes%E2%80%94Evidence+from+Artefactual+Field+and+Lab+Experiments&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+environmental+research+and+public+health&rft.au=Reif%2C+Simon&rft.au=Hafner%2C+Lucas&rft.au=Seebauer%2C+Michael&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=5540&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fijerph17155540&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_ijerph17155540
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon