The role of isoaspartate in fibrillation and its prevention by Protein-L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Vol. 1864; no. 3; p. 129500
• Main Authors: Chatterjee, Tanaya, Das, Gaurav, Chatterjee, Barun K., Dhar, Jesmita, Ghosh, Surajit, Chakrabarti, Pinak
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2020
• Subjects: Alzheimer disease; Anti-epileptic drugs; aspartic acid; binding sites; Conformational change; enzyme activity; Fibrillation; fluorescence; fluorescence microscopy; in vitro studies; Isoaspartate; isomerization; methyltransferases; neurons; neuroprotective effect; neurotoxicity; PIMT; polypeptides; rats; valproic acid; ThT; HFIP; PIMT; DMSO; Isoaspartate; VPA; HRP; AFM; Anti-epileptic drugs; HS; MTT; Conformational change; isoAsp; STR; BSA; DMEM; Fibrillation; FBS; AED; PBS; AD; Aβ42; TBST; NGF; ECL; PC12
• ISSN: 0304-4165; 1872-8006; 1872-8006
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129500

Isomerization of aspartate to isoaspartate (isoAsp) on aging causes protein damage and malfunction. Protein-L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) performs a neuroprotective role by repairing such residues. A hexapeptide, Val-Tyr-Pro-(isoAsp)-His-Ala (VA6), a substrate of PIMT, is shown to form fibrils, while the normal Asp-containing peptide does not. Considering the role of PIMT against epileptic seizure, the combined effect of PIMT and two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (valproic acid and stiripentol) was investigated for anti-fibrillation activity. Structural/functional modulations due to the binding of AEDs to PIMT were investigated using biophysical techniques. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and microscopic methods were employed to study fibril formation by VA6. In vitro experiments with PC12 cells were carried out with PIMT/AEDs. ThT assay indicated reduction of fibrillation of VA6 by PIMT. AEDs stabilize PIMT, bind close to the cofactor binding site, possibly exerting allosteric effect, increase the enzymatic activity, and anti-fibrillation efficacy. Furthermore, Aβ42, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, undergoes β-sheet to α-helix transition in presence of PIMT. Studies with PC12 derived neurons showed that PIMT and PIMT/AEDs exerted neuroprotective effect against anti-NGF induced neurotoxicity. This was further validated against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ42 in primary rat cortical neurons. The study provides a new perspective to the role isoAsp in protein fibrillation, PIMT in its prevention and AEDs in enhancing the activity of the enzyme. IsoAsp, with an additional C atom in the main-chain of polypeptide chain, may make it more susceptible to fibrillation. PIMT alone, or in association with AEDs prevents this. [Display omitted] •An isoAsp-containing hexapeptide, but not the corresponding one with Asp, forms fibril.•PIMT, the ubiquitous repair enzyme shows anti-fibrillation property.•Anti-fibrillation activity is enhanced in presence of AEDs.•Neuroprotective role against anti-NGF induced neurotoxicity was shown in PC12 cells.•IsoAsp, a β-amino acid, may be more prone to fibrillation than the α-amino acid.