Antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal, and streptococcal epitopes in children and adults with Tourette’s syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea, and autoimmune disorders

• Published in: Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 50; no. 8; pp. 566 - 577
• Main Authors: Morshed, Syed A., Parveen, Salina, Leckman, James F., Mercadante, Marcos T., Bittencourt Kiss, Maria H., Miguel, Euripedes C., Arman, Ayse, Yazgan, Yanki, Fujii, Takao, Paul, Surojit, Peterson, Bradley S., Zhang, Heping, King, Robert A., Scahill, Lawrence, Lombroso, Paul J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 15.10.2001; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antibodies, Antinuclear - blood; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood; Antistreptolysin - blood; Autoantibodies; Autoantibodies - blood; Autoimmune Diseases - diagnosis; Autoimmune Diseases - immunology; autoimmune disorders; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Chorea - diagnosis; Chorea - immunology; Corpus Striatum - immunology; Cytoskeleton - immunology; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; Deoxyribonucleases - immunology; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; molecular mimicry; Neurology; neuropsychiatric disorders; Rats; Sydenham’s chorea; Tourette Syndrome - diagnosis; Tourette Syndrome - immunology; Tourette’s syndrome; molecular mimicry; autoimmune disorders; neuropsychiatric disorders; Autoantibodies; Tourette’s syndrome; Sydenham’s chorea; Autoimmunity; Antigenic determinant; Cell nucleus; Autoimmune disease; Review; Genetic determinism; Inflammatory disease; Streptococcus β hémolytique; Etiology; Bacteria; Micrococcales; Adult; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Genetics; Degenerative disease; Child; Human; Nervous system diseases; Autoantibody; Cerebral disorder; Streptococcaceae; Neuron; Central nervous system disease; Cytoskeleton; Molecular mimicry; Sydenham chorea; Extrapyramidal syndrome
• ISSN: 0006-3223
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01096-4

Background: Some cases of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) are hypothesized to be caused by autoantibodies that develop in response to a preceding group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we looked for the presence ot total and IgG antibodies against neural, nuclear, cytoskeletal and streptococcal epitopes using indirect immunofluorescent assays and Western blot techniques in three patient groups: TS (n = 81), SC (n = 27), and a group of autoimmune disorders (n = 52) and in normal controls (n = 67). Subjects were ranked after titrations of autoantibodies from 0 to 227 according to their level of immunoreactivity. Results: TS patients had a significantly higher mean rank for total antineural and antinuclear antibodies, as well as antistreptolysin O titers. However, among children and adolescents, only the total antinuclear antibodies were increased in TS patients compared to age matched controls. Compared to SC patients, TS patients had a significantly lower mean rank for total and IgG class antineural antibodies, significantly lower IgG class anticytoskeletal antibodies, and a significantly higher rank for total antinuclear antibodies. Compared to a mixed group of autoimmune disorders, the TS patients had a significantly lower mean rank for total and IgG class antineural antibodies, total and IgG class antinuclear antibodies, IgG class anticytoskeletal antibodies, and a significantly higher rank for antistreptococcal antibodies. Conclusions: TS patients had significantly higher levels of total antineural and antinuclear antibodies than did controls. Their relation to IgG class antineural and antinuclear antibodies, markers for prior streptococcal infection, and other clinical characteristics, especially chronological age, was equivocal.