Structural brain changes in young males addicted to video-gaming

• Published in: Brain and cognition Vol. 139; p. 105518
• Main Authors: Mohammadi, Bahram, Szycik, Gregor R., te Wildt, Bert, Heldmann, Marcus, Samii, Amir, Münte, Thomas F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2020; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Addictions; Aggression; Anisotropy; Cingulum; Diffusion tensor imaging; Functional anatomy; Gray matter; Internet addiction; Morphometry; Postcentral gyrus; Structure-function relationships; Substantia alba; Substantia grisea; Thalamus; Video game addiction; Voxel based morphometry; White matter; VBM; Video game addiction; DKI; TBSS; Gray matter; White matter; Internet addiction; Diffusion tensor imaging; VGA; Voxel based morphometry; TFCE; FWE; DTI
• ISSN: 0278-2626; 1090-2147; 1090-2147
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105518

•Brain gray and white matter changed due to video game addiction.•No brain area showed an increase of brain gray matter in excessive players.•Changes in brain gray and white matter correlate with psychological measures, self esteem and the degree of internet addiction. Excessive video gaming has a number of psychological and social consequences. In this study, we looked at possible changes in gray and white matter and asked whether these changes are correlated to psychological measures. Twentynine players of violent videogames (mean daily playing time 4.7 h) and age matched controls were subjected to a battery of questionnaires assessing aggression, empathy, hostility, internet addiction and psychological well-being. Diffusion tensor and 3D T1-weighted MR images were obtained to examine gray (via voxel-based morphometry) and white (via tract-based spatial statistics) matter changes. Widespread regions of decreased gray matter in the players were found but no region showed increased intensity of gray matter. Density of gray matter showed a negative correlation with the total length of playing in years in the right posterior cingulate gyrus, left pre- and postcentral gyrus, right thalamus, among others. Furthermore, fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter structure, was decreased in the left and right cingulum in the players. Both, gray and white matter changes correlated with measures of aggression, hostility, self esteem, and the degree of internet addiction. This study thus shows profound changes of brain structure as a function of excessive playing of violent video games.