Decision Fusion of Ground-Penetrating Radar and Metal Detector Algorithms-A Robust Approach

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 45; no. 2; pp. 398 - 409
• Main Authors: Yuwei Liao, Nolte, L.W., Collins, L.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.02.2007; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithm design and analysis; Algorithms; Applied geophysics; Decision fusion; Decision theory; Detection algorithms; Detectors; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Ground penetrating radar; Internal geophysics; mine detection; Optimization; Radar; Radar detection; receiver operating characteristic (ROC); Robustness; Sensor fusion; Sensor phenomena and characterization; Sensors; signal detection; Statistical analysis; Statistics; Studies; Training; Training data; algorithms; detection; signal detection; probability; metals; melting; isolation; mine detection; ground-penetrating radar; receiver operating characteristic (ROC); mines; theory; Decision fusion; statistics
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888096

Numerous detection algorithms, using various sensor modalities, have been developed for the detection of mines in cluttered and noisy backgrounds. The performance for each detection algorithm is typically reported in terms of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), which is a plot of the probability of detection versus false alarm as a function of the threshold setting on the output decision variable of each algorithm. In this paper, we present multisensor decision-fusion algorithms that combine the local decisions of existing detection algorithms for different sensors. This offers an expedient, attractive, and much simpler alternative to the design of an algorithm that fuses multiple sensors at the data level, especially in cases of limited training data where it is difficult to make accurate estimates of multidimensional probability density functions. The goal of our multisensor decision-fusion approach is to exploit the complimentary strengths of existing multisensor algorithms so as to achieve performance (ROC) that exceeds the performance of any sensor algorithm operating in isolation. Our approach to multisensor decision fusion is based on the optimal signal detection theory using the likelihood ratio. We consider the optimal fusion of local decisions for two sensors: a ground-penetrating radar and a metal detector. A new robust algorithm for decision fusion that addresses the problem in which the statistics of the training data are not likely to exactly match the statistics of the test data is presented. ROCs are presented and compared for field data