Ecofriendly microwave‐assisted reaction and extraction of bioactive compounds from hawthorn leaf

• Published in: Phytochemical analysis Vol. 30; no. 6; pp. 710 - 719
• Main Authors: Hu, Yu‐Han, Peng, Li‐Qing, Wang, Qiu‐Yan, Yang, Juan, Dong, Xin, Wang, Shu‐Ling, Cao, Jun, Liu, Fang‐Ming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2019
• Subjects: active ingredients; Antioxidants; Aqueous solutions; Bioactive compounds; chemical species; Crataegus; Crataegus - chemistry; detection limit; hawthorn leaf; high performance liquid chromatography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inflammation; Leaves; Limit of Detection; lipemic effect; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; microwave treatment; Microwaves; microwave‐assisted reaction and extraction; Organic solvents; phytochemicals; Plant Leaves - chemistry; polyphenolic compounds; Polyphenols; Polyphenols - analysis; quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry; Quadrupoles; Reagents; Reproducibility of Results; Sodium; Sodium borate; Sodium borates; Sodium carbonate; solid basic reagent; Solvents; tandem mass spectrometry; Target recognition; temperature; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; Ultraviolet detectors; ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography; ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography; microwave-assisted reaction and extraction; quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry; hawthorn leaf; solid basic reagent; polyphenolic compounds
• ISSN: 0958-0344; 1099-1565; 1099-1565
• DOI: 10.1002/pca.2849

Introduction The main active components in hawthorn leaves possess various biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective and reliable extraction method to extract these active compounds from hawthorn leaves. Objective To establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for extraction and determination of polyphenolic compounds from hawthorn leaves. Methods In this study, a microwave‐assisted reaction and extraction (MARE) combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector method was established to extract and determine the polyphenolic compounds in hawthorn leaves. The solid reagent aqueous solutions were applied as extraction solvents, preventing the use of organic solvents. The target analytes were identified by quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Several experimental parameters that can significantly affect the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimised. Results The optimal conditions were as follows: 0.1 g of sodium carbonate was used as solid reagent, the amount of sodium borate was set at 0.01 g, extraction time was 10 min, extraction temperature was set at 50°C, pH value was adjusted to 7. The validation experiments demonstrated that the method had high sensitivity with the limits of detection in the range 26.5–37.7 ng/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 80.22% to 93.27%. Conclusion In this work, the proposed MARE method was successfully applied to extract and determine polyphenolic compounds in hawthorn leaf samples. Compared with other reported methods, the present method was faster, greener, and more sensitive. High extraction efficiencies and sensitivities of target compounds were achieved. The proposed method is a green, simple, easy operation, time‐saving and effective approach.