Dietary carbohydrate modification induces alterations in gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in persons with the metabolic syndrome: the FUNGENUT Study

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 85; no. 5; pp. 1417 - 1427
• Main Authors: Kallio, Petteri, Kolehmainen, Marjukka, Laaksonen, David E, Kekäläinen, Jani, Salopuro, Titta, Sivenius, Katariina, Pulkkinen, Leena, Mykkänen, Hannu M, Niskanen, Leo, Uusitupa, Matti, Poutanen, Kaisa S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutrition 01.05.2007; American Society for Clinical Nutrition
• Subjects: abdominal fat; Adult; adults; Aged; apoptosis; Area Under Curve; Biological and medical sciences; blood; blood glucose; Blood Glucose - metabolism; classification; Diet; dietary carbohydrate; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Carbohydrates - classification; Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; foods; Functional Genomics and Nutrition Study; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; genetics; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycemic Index; Humans; Insulin; Insulin - blood; insulin secretion; Male; men; metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - genetics; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism; metabolism; Middle Aged; oats; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; pasta; patients; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Postprandial Period; postprandial state; potatoes; rye; subcutaneous fat; Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal; Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal - metabolism; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; wheat; women; Endocrinopathy; Human; Modification; Oat; Adipose tissue; Gene interaction; Subcutaneous; Alteration; diet intervention; Cardiovascular disease; Metabolic diseases; Gene expression; Feeding; metabolic syndrome; insulinemic response; microarray; Diet; X Syndrome; Insulin resistance; Nutrient; Carbohydrate; Wheat; Rye; Gene-nutrient interactions
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1417

BACKGROUND: Diets rich in whole-grain cereals and foods with a low glycemic index may protect against type 2 diabetes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to test whether 2 different carbohydrate modifications--a rye-pasta diet characterized by a low postprandial insulin response and an oat-wheat-potato diet characterized by a high postprandial insulin response--affect gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in persons with the metabolic syndrome. DESIGN: We assessed the effect of carbohydrate modification on SAT gene expression in 47 subjects [24 men and 23 women with a mean (±SD) age of 55 ± 6 y] with the features of the metabolic syndrome in a parallel study design. The subjects had a mean (±SD) body mass index (kg/m²) of 32.1 ± 3.8 and a 2-h plasma glucose concentration of 8.0 ± 2.3 mmol/L. Adipose tissue biopsies were performed, and oral-glucose-tolerance tests and other biochemical measurements were conducted before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We detected 71 down-regulated genes in the rye-pasta group, including genes linked to insulin signaling and apoptosis. In contrast, the 12-wk oat-wheat-potato diet up-regulated 62 genes related to stress, cytokine-chemokine-mediated immunity, and the interleukin pathway. The insulinogenic index improved after the rye-pasta diet (P = 0.004) but not after the oat-wheat-potato diet. Body weight was unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary carbohydrate modification with rye and pasta or oat, wheat, and potato differentially modulates the gene expression profile in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, even in the absence of weight loss.