Evaluation of serum interleukin-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) receptors in patients with and without periodontal disease

• Published in: Indian journal of dental research Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 37 - 40
• Main Authors: Singh, Himadri, Singh, Abhinav, Saluja, Rohit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Mangalore Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.01.2022; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Analysis; community periodontal index; Cytokines; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Gum disease; Inflammation; interleukin-33; Interleukins; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; peridontitis; Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis; Serum levels; Statistical analysis; Statistics; suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sst2); Tumorigenicity; peridontitis; suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2); interleukin-33; Community periodontal index
• ISSN: 0970-9290; 1998-3603
• DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_85_21

Context: Interleukin-33 and its receptor soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) play an important role in inflammation and its role in periodontal disease is yet unclear. The role of both IL-33 and sST2 together in periodontal disease as biomarkers has never been studied. Aim: To assess the levels of IL-33 and sST2 in serum samples of patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 71 subjects (30 healthy subjects and 41 patients with periodontal disease) were included in the cross-sectional study. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to assess periodontal health by utilizing a mouth mirror and a CPI probe. Venous blood was collected and serum was separated. Serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Statistical Analysis: Graph Pad Prism 5 was used for statistical analysis. Mann Whitney test was applied to compare the two groups. Results: The level of IL-33 was not found to be elevated among healthy subjects and sST2 was found elevated among patients with periodontal disease. The serum concentration of IL-33 was found at 472 ± 114 pg/ml and 282 ± 77 pg/ml among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease respectively. Significantly higher values of sST2 at 28 ± 2 ng/ml were found among periodontal patients as compared to healthy subjects with values of 18 ± 1 ng/ml. No significant differences were noted between mild to moderate and severe periodontitis for IL-33 and sST2 between the two groups. Conclusion: This study shows alteration in serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 in periodontitis patients. IL-33 and sST2 may be potential inflammatory markers of periodontitis. Further studies are required on a large sample size for better understanding. This pilot study is the first to assess the serum levels of both IL-33 and sST2 together among patients with and without periodontal disease.