Biomarkers of Airway Immune Homeostasis Differ Significantly with Generation of E-Cigarettes
Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes can impact respiratory immune homeostasis; however, the extent of these effects remains an active area of investigation, and most previous studies were conducted with model systems or subjects exposed to third-generation e-cigarettes, such as vape...
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Published in | American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Vol. 206; no. 10; pp. 1248 - 1258 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Thoracic Society
15.11.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1073-449X 1535-4970 1535-4970 |
DOI | 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC |
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Summary: | Numerous studies have demonstrated that e-cigarettes can impact respiratory immune homeostasis; however, the extent of these effects remains an active area of investigation, and most previous studies were conducted with model systems or subjects exposed to third-generation e-cigarettes, such as vape pens and box mods.
Given the rise in popularity of nicotine-salt-containing pods and disposable e-cigarettes (fourth generation), we set out to better understand the respiratory effects of these newer e-cigarettes and compare their effects to early-generation devices.
We collected induced sputum samples from a cohort of nonsmokers, smokers, third-generation e-cigarette users, and fourth-generation e-cigarette users (
= 20-30 per group) and evaluated the cellular and fluid-phase composition for markers of inflammation, host defense, and lung injury.
Fourth-generation e-cigarette users had significantly more bronchial epithelial cells in the sputum, suggestive of airway injury. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM1) were significantly lower in fourth-generation e-cigarette users in comparison with all other groups, and CRP (C-reactive protein), IFN-
, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), uteroglobin, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were significantly lower in fourth- versus third-generation e-cigarette users, suggestive of overall immune suppression in fourth-generation e-cigarette users. Predictive modeling also demonstrated clear separation between exposure groups, indicating that the overall mediator milieu is different between groups, particularly fourth-generation e-cigarette users.
Our results indicate disrupted immune homeostasis in fourth-generation e-cigarette users and demonstrate that the biological effects of fourth-generation e-cigarette use are unique compared with those associated with previous-generation e-cigarettes. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 1073-449X 1535-4970 1535-4970 |
DOI: | 10.1164/rccm.202202-0373OC |