Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of pH‐Responsive Veratric Acid‐Loaded Polydopamine Nanoparticles in Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells

• Published in: Chemistry & biodiversity Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. e202201006 - n/a
• Main Authors: Harini, Ganesh, Shree Ganesh, S., Anushikaa, Ramprasad, Bharathi, Ramanathan, Aravind, Sankaranarayanan, Vatsala, Kumari, Shanmugavadivu, Abinaya, Selvamurugan, Nagarajan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2023
• Subjects: Annexin V; Anticancer properties; antiproliferative; Antiproliferatives; Apoptosis; Assaying; Breast cancer; Cell proliferation; Cell viability; Controlled release; Drug carriers; Drug delivery; Hydrophobicity; Nanoparticles; pH effects; Phenolic acids; Phenols; polydopamine nanoparticles; Size distribution; Sustained release; triple negative breast cancer; veratric acid; apoptosis; triple negative breast cancer; veratric acid; polydopamine nanoparticles; antiproliferative
• ISSN: 1612-1872; 1612-1880; 1612-1880
• DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201006

Veratric acid (VA) is plant‐derived phenolic acid known for its therapeutic potential, but its anticancer effect on highly invasive triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is yet to be evaluated. Polydopamine nanoparticles (nPDAs) were chosen as the drug carrier to overcome VA's hydrophobic nature and ensure a sustained release of VA. We prepared pH‐sensitive nano‐formulations of VA‐loaded nPDAs and subjected them to physicochemical characterization and in vitro drug release studies, followed by cell viability and apoptotic assays on TNBC cells (MDA‐MB‐231 cells). The SEM and zeta analysis revealed spherical nPDAs were uniform size distribution and good colloidal stability. In vitro drug release from VA‐nPDAs was sustained, prolonged and pH‐sensitive, which could benefit tumor cell targeting. MTT and cell viability assays showed that VA‐nPDAs (IC50=17.6 μM) are more antiproliferative towards MDA‐MB‐231 cells than free VA (IC50=437.89 μM). The induction of early and late apoptosis by VA‐nPDAs in the cancer cells was identified using annexin V and dead cell assay. Thus, the pH response and sustained release of VA from nPDAs showed the potential to enter the cell, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, indicating the anticancer potential of VA.